Abstract: Multi-layer laminate materials, which include an aluminum foil layer having particular tensile strength properties, are described. The aluminum foil layer in combination with other layers provides important benefits in manufacturing operations, such as filling tubes made by forming a cylinder from the laminate materials and heat sealing the side and end edges. These benefits are obtained in many cases without the need to increase foil weight or layer thickness. The laminate materials preserve the flexibility of conventional tubes, for example toothpaste tubes, as required to dispense products from a tube opening with the application of manual squeezing forces.

Abstract: Multi-layer laminate materials, which include an aluminum foil layer having particular tensile strength properties, are described. The aluminum foil layer in combination with other layers provides important benefits in manufacturing operations, such as filling tubes made by forming a cylinder from the laminate materials and heat sealing the side and end edges. These benefits are obtained in many cases without the need to increase foil weight or layer thickness. The laminate materials preserve the flexibility of conventional tubes, for example toothpaste tubes, as required to dispense products from a tube opening with the application of manual squeezing forces.

Abstract: A method for injecting an error into a waveform sent over a data link includes the following: The data link is monitored for a control event such as a symbol in the waveform. In response to the control event, a control signal is generated. In response to the control signal, the waveform is distorted, thereby injecting an error into it. The method can be applied in a number of ways. For example, different control events can be chosen, including fill words, start-of-frame or end-of-frame delimiters, or other recognizable portions of a waveform whether before or after the data field. The distortion applied to the waveform can take the form of amplitude or frequency distortion, or both. The method is applicable to electrical, optical, or other types of signals. Selected parts of a waveform can be distorted by introducing delay into the method, such as delay in generating the control signal, delay in generating the distortion, or delay in transmitting the waveform.