Abstract: A laser eye surgery system includes a computer which scans a focused laser beam in a trajectory over a reticle or target and determines beam quality via laser light reflected from the target. The target may have a grid pattern of lines, with the diameter of the focused laser beam determined based on a time interval for the scanned beam to move onto a line of the grid pattern. Methods for measuring beam quality in a laser eye surgery system provide a direct, quantitative quality measurement of the focused laser beam, and may be performed quickly and automatically. Using scanning mirror position information together with signals resulting from laser light reflected from the target, the laser eye surgery system may also be calibrated.

Abstract: A laser eye surgery system includes a laser to generate a laser beam. A topography measurement system measures corneal topography. A processor is coupled to the laser and the topography measurement system, the processor embodying instructions to measure a first corneal topography of the eye, A first curvature of the cornea is determined. A target curvature of the cornea that treats the eye is determined. A first set of incisions and a set of partial incisions in the cornea smaller than the first set of incisions are determined. The set of partial incisions is incised on the cornea by the laser beam. A second corneal topography is measured. A second curvature of the cornea is determined. The second curvature is determined to differ from the target curvature and a second set of incisions are determined. The second set of incisions is incised on the cornea.

Abstract: A laser eye surgery system includes a laser to generate a laser beam. A topography measurement system measures corneal topography. A processor is coupled to the laser and the topography measurement system, the processor embodying instructions to measure a first corneal topography of the eye, A first curvature of the cornea is determined. A target curvature of the cornea that treats the eye is determined. A first set of incisions and a set of partial incisions in the cornea smaller than the first set of incisions are determined. The set of partial incisions is incised on the cornea by the laser beam. A second corneal topography is measured. A second curvature of the cornea is determined. The second curvature is determined to differ from the target curvature and a second set of incisions are determined. The second set of incisions is incised on the cornea.

Abstract: A laser eye surgery system includes a laser to generate a laser beam. A topography measurement system measures corneal topography. A processor is coupled to the laser and the topography measurement system, the processor embodying instructions to measure a first corneal topography of the eye. A first curvature of the cornea is determined. A target curvature of the cornea that treats the eye is determined. A first set of incisions and a set of partial incisions in the cornea smaller than the first set of incisions are determined. The set of partial incisions is incised on the cornea by the laser beam. A second corneal topography is measured. A second curvature of the cornea is determined. The second curvature is determined to differ from the target curvature and a second set of incisions are determined. The second set of incisions is incised on the cornea.

Abstract: In an ophthalmic laser surgical system, a real-time optical coherence tomography (OCT) measurement method acquires OCT data during laser treatment. The treatment laser beam and OCT sample beam are generated simultaneously, and the optical delivery system scans them simultaneously in the eye tissue, where the focus of the treatment laser beam and the focus of the OCT beam coincide with each other in space. While both beams simultaneously scanned in the eye tissue, the OCT device detects returned OCT light from the sample during a data acquisition period, and generates an OCT A-scan based on the detected OCT light. Based on the A-scan, a controller determines a structure of the eye in a depth direction relative to the focus of the OCT beam, and controls the operations ophthalmic laser surgical system accordingly. One exemplary application is the formation of an arcuate corneal incision in cataract surgery.

Abstract: A laser eye surgery system includes a computer which scans a focused laser beam in a trajectory over a reticle or target and determines beam quality via laser light reflected from the target. The target may have a grid pattern of lines, with the diameter of the focused laser beam determined based on a time interval for the scanned beam to move onto a line of the grid pattern. Methods for measuring beam quality in a laser eye surgery system provide a direct, quantitative quality measurement of the focused laser beam, and may be performed quickly and automatically. Using scanning mirror position information together with signals resulting from laser light reflected from the target, the laser eye surgery system may also be calibrated.

Abstract: In an ophthalmic laser surgical system, a real-time optical coherence tomography (OCT) measurement method acquires OCT data during laser treatment. The treatment laser beam and OCT sample beam are generated simultaneously, and the optical delivery system scans them simultaneously in the eye tissue, where the focus of the treatment laser beam and the focus of the OCT beam coincide with each other in space. While both beams simultaneously scanned in the eye tissue, the OCT device detects returned OCT light from the sample during a data acquisition period, and generates an OCT A-scan based on the detected OCT light. Based on the A-scan, a controller determines a structure of the eye in a depth direction relative to the focus of the OCT beam, and controls the operations ophthalmic laser surgical system accordingly. One exemplary application is the formation of an arcuate corneal incision in cataract surgery.

Abstract: A laser eye surgery system includes a computer which scans a focused laser beam in a trajectory over a reticle or target and determines beam quality via laser light reflected from the target. The target may have a grid pattern of lines, with the diameter of the focused laser beam determined based on a time interval for the scanned beam to move onto a line of the grid pattern. Methods for measuring beam quality in a laser eye surgery system provide a direct, quantitative quality measurement of the focused laser beam, and may be performed quickly and automatically. Using scanning mirror position information together with signals resulting from laser light reflected from the target, the laser eye surgery system may also be calibrated.

Abstract: A laser eye surgery system includes a laser to generate a laser beam. A topography measurement system measures corneal topography. A processor is coupled to the laser and the topography measurement system, the processor embodying instructions to measure a first corneal topography of the eye. A first curvature of the cornea is determined. A target curvature of the cornea that treats the eye is determined. A first set of incisions and a set of partial incisions in the cornea smaller than the first set of incisions are determined. The set of partial incisions is incised on the cornea by the laser beam. A second corneal topography is measured. A second curvature of the cornea is determined. The second curvature is determined to differ from the target curvature and a second set of incisions are determined. The second set of incisions is incised on the cornea.

Abstract: A laser eye surgery system includes a laser to generate a laser beam. A topography measurement system measures corneal topography. A processor is coupled to the laser and the topography measurement system, the processor embodying instructions to measure a first corneal topography of the eye. A first curvature of the cornea is determined. A target curvature of the cornea that treats the eye is determined. A first set of incisions and a set of partial incisions in the cornea smaller than the first set of incisions are determined. The set of partial incisions is incised on the cornea by the laser beam. A second corneal topography is measured. A second curvature of the cornea is determined. The second curvature is determined to differ from the target curvature and a second set of incisions are determined. The second set of incisions is incised on the cornea.

Abstract: A laser eye surgery system includes a computer which scans a focused laser beam in a trajectory over a reticle or target and determines beam quality via laser light reflected from the target. The target may have a grid pattern of lines, with the diameter of the focused laser beam determined based on a time interval for the scanned beam to move onto a line of the grid pattern. Methods for measuring beam quality in a laser eye surgery system provide a direct, quantitative quality measurement of the focused laser beam, and may be performed quickly and automatically. Using scanning mirror position information together with signals resulting from laser light reflected from the target, the laser eye surgery system may also be calibrated.

Abstract: A laser eye surgery system includes a laser to generate a laser beam. A topography measurement system measures corneal topography. A processor is coupled to the laser and the topography measurement system, the processor embodying instructions to measure a first corneal topography of the eye. A first curvature of the cornea is determined. A target curvature of the cornea that treats the eye is determined. A first set of incisions and a set of partial incisions in the cornea smaller than the first set of incisions are determined. The set of partial incisions is incised on the cornea by the laser beam. A second corneal topography is measured. A second curvature of the cornea is determined. The second curvature is determined to differ from the target curvature and a second set of incisions are determined. The second set of incisions is incised on the cornea.

Abstract: A beam delivery system for treating target tissue that includes an input for receiving a light beam, a variable attenuator for providing variable attenuation of the light beam, a power and wavelength detection assembly, a spot size adjustment assembly, and a controller. The power and wavelength detection assembly measures the power level of the beam, and detects when unwanted wavelengths are present in the light beam. The spot size adjustment assembly selectively feeds the beam through different optical fibers to achieve different spot sizes of the beam. The controller controls the variable attenuator, the power and wavelength detection assembly, and the spot size adjustment assembly to achieve the desired power and wavelength, and beam spot size.

Abstract: A beam delivery system for treating target tissue that includes an input for receiving a light beam, a variable attenuator for providing variable attenuation of the light beam, a power and wavelength detection assembly, a spot size adjustment assembly, and a controller. The power and wavelength detection assembly measures the power level of the beam, and detects when unwanted wavelengths are present in the light beam. The spot size adjustment assembly selectively feeds the beam through different optical fibers to achieve different spot sizes of the beam. The controller controls the variable attenuator, the power and wavelength detection assembly, and the spot size adjustment assembly to achieve the desired power and wavelength, and beam spot size.

Abstract: A forward looking echosounder uses a non-scanning forward looking transducer inclined from the horizontal at a 45.degree. angle. The forward looking transducer produces a set of acoustic data signals indicative of echo signals received along the central axis of the sonic beam as produced by the transducer. Distance and depth coordinates are used in conjunction with vessel speed and pitch angle to determine where the source of the received echo is located relative to the moving vessel. This information is then displayed in a quasi-real time display format.

Abstract: A dual axis transducer assembly comprises a transducer (20), a yoke (24) which mounts the transducer for oscillating movement about a substantially horizontal axis. A turntable (28) mounts the yoke and hence the transducer for oscillating motion about a vertical axis. Separate motors (10) and (12) supply motion to the transducer and control means (84), (86), (88) are employed to control the operation of the motors.