Abstract: A composition comprising natural gas, methane, LPG (liquefied petroleum gas) or propane, and an oxygenate odorant, where the oxygenate odorant has a vapor pressure of about 0.002 psi or greater at 25° C. and 1 atmosphere, and has a smell detectable at less than 1 ppm by a human nose, and where the oxygenate odorant is a cyclic compound consisting only of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, including one or more carbonyl groups, and is stable under high pressure and temperature storage, transport and use conditions.

Abstract: A composition comprising: hydrogen; and an oxygenate odorant; wherein the oxygenate odorant has a vapor pressure of about 0.002 psi. or greater at 25° C. and having a smell detectable at less than 1 ppm by a human nose; wherein the oxygenate odorant includes one or more carbonyl groups; and wherein the oxygenate odorant consists only of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. The oxygenate odorants may be cyclic or acyclic.

Abstract: A composition comprising: hydrogen; and an oxygenate odorant; wherein the oxygenate odorant has a vapor pressure of about 0.002 psi. or greater at 25° C. and having a smell detectable at less than 1 ppm by a human nose; wherein the oxygenate odorant includes one or more carbonyl groups; and wherein the oxygenate odorant consists only of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. The oxygenate odorants may be cyclic or acyclic.

Abstract: The invention relates to processes for reducing the sulfur content in hydrocarbon fuels such as gasoline, diesel fuel and jet fuel. The invention provides a method and materials for producing ultra low sulfur content transportation fuels for motor vehicles as well as for applications such as fuel cells. The materials and method of the invention may be used at ambient or elevated temperatures and at ambient or elevated pressures without the need for hydrogen.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for evaluating the properties of hydrogen to improve the safety of hydrogen fuel, and provides a method for selecting proper odorants for hydrogen. Odorized hydrogen containing suitable odorants in appropriate concentrations with hydrogen are also provided.

Abstract: A composition comprising: hydrogen; and an oxygenate odorant; wherein the oxygenate odorant has a vapor pressure of about 0.002 psi. or greater at 25° C. and having a smell detectable at less than 1 ppm by a human nose; wherein the oxygenate odorant includes one or more carbonyl groups; and wherein the oxygenate odorant consists only of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. The oxygenate odorants may be cyclic or acyclic.

Abstract: The invention relates to processes for reducing the sulfur content in hydrocarbon fuels such as gasoline, diesel fuel and jet fuel. The invention provides a method and materials for producing ultra low sulfur content transportation fuels for motor vehicles as well as for applications such as fuel cells. The materials and method of the invention may be used at ambient or elevated temperatures and at ambient or elevated pressures without the need for hydrogen.

Abstract: Copper-containing catalysts for low temperature shift conversion at from 150.degree. to 300.degree. C. and under from 10 to 40 bar, which additionally contain aluminum and zinc, if necessary in the form of the compounds or oxides and are prepared by coprecipitation, the copper-containing catalysts containing potassium and having a BET surface area adapted to the potassium content, and the potassium content being brought to 0.1-3.0% by weight at a BET surface of from 30 to 160 m.sup.2 /g, are used for the preparation of hydrogen and carbon dioxide from carbon monoxide and water.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of carbonyl compounds by oxidation of alcohols in the gas phase with a gas containing oxygen in the presence of catalysts containing copper or silver and a phosphorus compound that is volatile under the conditions of the reaction, the ratio of the mass of phosphorus to the mass of the alcohol being less than 0.5 ppm.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of glyoxal by vapor phase oxidation of ethylene glycol with oxygen over a copper-containing oxidation catalyst at an elevated temperature and in the presence of a phosphorus compound which is volatile under the reaction conditions, the amount of phosphorus (calculated as P) being from 1 to 100 ppm, based on the weight of ethylene glycol.

Abstract: Novel coated catalysts and a process for their preparation by atomizing a mixture of water and a vanadium-V compound, with or without other metal compounds, and applying this mixture to carrier particles which are themselves in motion, drying the coating and subjecting the catalyst particles, which are themselves in motion, to repeated brief treatment with a flame or plasma, followed by rapid cooling, defined temperatures and rates of coating being employed. The catalysts may be used with advantage for the preparation of anthraquinones by oxidation of indans.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the production of anthraquinone by catalytic oxidation of indans or diphenylmethane derivatives with oxygen in the presence of a vanadium (V) compound with or without one or more than one compund of potassium, boron, thallium, antimony and/or caesium. Anthraquinone which can be prepared by the process according to this invention is a valuable starting material for the production of dyes and pesticides.