Abstract: An inoculation apparatus is provided. The inoculation apparatus includes a vessel for containing liquid mycelium culture having: an outlet port; an injection port; and a breather port. The inoculation apparatus also includes an auto-fill syringe having a nozzle and an inlet port; a connection line with a first end connecting to the outlet port and a second end connecting to the inlet port; and an injection means connected to the nozzle. Related methods are also provided.

Abstract: A method of controlling a variable geometry turbocharger is provided. A predefined desired boost pressure of a turbocharger is obtained from a memory. A predefined desired mass flow rate in an intake manifold of an engine is obtained from the memory. A theoretical amount of power required by the turbocharger to generate the desired boost pressure and the desired mass flow rate is calculated. An actual mass flow rate in the intake manifold is determined. An actual amount of power required by the turbocharger to generate the desired boost pressure and the actual mass flow rate is calculated. At least one adjustable vane of the turbine of the turbocharger is adjusted to allow the theoretical amount of power required of the turbocharger to generally equal the actual amount of power by adjusting the boost pressure.

Abstract: A method of controlling a fuel injector is provided. Engine speed is monitored. Engine torque output is monitored. It is determined if the engine speed is within one of a plurality of predefined engine speed ranges. It is determined if the engine torque output is within one of a plurality of predefined engine torque output ranges. One of a plurality of injector coking factors is assigned based on the determined predefined engine speed range and the determined predefined engine torque output range. A total injector coking factor is calculated based upon total operating time within each of the plurality of injector coking factors. A duration of a fuel injection is increased based upon the calculated total injector coking factor.

Abstract: A method of controlling operation of an engine is provided that utilizes a number of preset operating parameters. The method determines an operating mode of the engine. The method determines an operating state of the engine. A plurality of engine parameter settings is retrieved from a memory in response to the determined operating mode and the determined operating state of the engine. The plurality of engine parameter settings are applied to at least one control algorithm of the engine.

Abstract: A method of operating an engine is provided. Output of an engine speed sensor, a mass air flow sensor, an exhaust gas temperature sensor, and an engine torque estimator are monitored with an electronic control module. It is determined if the engine is operating in one of either a transient condition and a non-transient condition based upon output of at least one of the sensors and the torque estimator. Fuel injection timing is set based upon if the engine is operating in a transient condition. An exhaust gas recirculation valve position is set upon if the engine is operating in a transient condition. An intake throttle position is set based upon if the engine is operating in a transient condition. The fuel injection timing, exhaust gas recirculation valve position, and the intake throttle position are set to minimize NOx emissions when the engine is operating in a transient condition.

Abstract: A system for estimation of exhaust gas temperature for internal combustion engine at low operating temperatures allows determination of when use of exhaust gas temperature sensor measurements is allowable for engine diagnostic. One approach implements a physical model of pressure and temperature drops across a dual stage waste-gated turbo-charger along with modifiers based on current operating conditions to estimate the temperature in the exhaust manifold. Another models combustion to estimate the temperature in the exhaust manifold.

Abstract: An engine control system (32) apportions smoke and NOx in engine-out exhaust gas by a strategy (38) that corrects a target percentage for fresh air and a target percentage for exhaust gas to re-calculate a set-point for fresh air mass flow. The target percentage for fresh air mass flow is calculated as a function of engine speed (N) and an engine output torque request (TQI_DRIV).

Abstract: A method of controlling a fuel injector is provided. Engine speed is monitored. Engine torque output is monitored. It is determined if the engine speed is within one of a plurality of predefined engine speed ranges. It is determined if the engine torque output is within one of a plurality of predefined engine torque output ranges. One of a plurality of injector coking factors is assigned based on the determined predefined engine speed range and the determined predefined engine torque output range. A total injector coking factor is calculated based upon total operating time within each of the plurality of injector coking factors. A duration of a fuel injection is increased based upon the calculated total injector coking factor.

Abstract: A method of operating an engine is provided. Output of an engine speed sensor, a mass air flow sensor, an exhaust gas temperature sensor, and an engine torque estimator are monitored with an electronic control module. It is determined if the engine is operating in one of either a transient condition and a non-transient condition based upon output of at least one of the sensors and the torque estimator. Fuel injection timing is set based upon if the engine is operating in a transient condition. An exhaust gas recirculation valve position is set upon if the engine is operating in a transient condition. An intake throttle position is set based upon if the engine is operating in a transient condition. The fuel injection timing, exhaust gas recirculation valve position, and the intake throttle position are set to minimize NOx emissions when the engine is operating in a transient condition.

Abstract: An engine control system (32) apportions smoke and NOx in engine-out exhaust gas by a strategy (38) that corrects a target percentage for fresh air and a target percentage for exhaust gas to recalculate a set-point for fresh air mass flow. The target percentage for fresh air mass flow is calculated as a function of engine speed (N) and an engine output torque request (TQI_DRIV).