Abstract: A hybrid softening strip for controlling stresses in a joint at low temperatures includes a layer of sacrificial material that can be tailored to fit the softening strip in the joint after the softening strip has been bonded to a structure.

Abstract: A hybrid softening strip for controlling stresses in a joint at low temperatures includes a layer of sacrificial material that can be tailored to fit the softening strip in the joint after the softening strip has been bonded to a structure.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of determining subsurface composition of a surveyed region. The method comprises transmitting a pulsed electromagnetic signal into the ground and detecting a return signal following interaction of said transmitted signal with features of the subsurface, a profile image of the subsurface is then obtained, and one or more spectra of said return signal is calculated, said one or more spectra comprising one or more of an energy-frequency spectrum, a phase-frequency spectrum, a phase-energy and an energy-frequency spectrum. These spectra are analysed to determine a characteristic energy-frequency signature, phase-frequency signature, phase-energy signature and/or energy-frequency signature for one or more layers of said subsurface. The determined signature(s) are then compared to a database of equivalent signatures of known materials in order to determine a composition of said one or more layers.

Abstract: An apparatus comprising a first structure, a second structure, a first layer, and a second layer. The first structure has a first plurality of channels extending towards a number of edges of the first structure. The second structure has a second plurality of channels extending towards a number of edges of the second structure. A first side of the first structure is connected to a first side of the second structure. The first plurality of channels and the second plurality of channels have an orientation with respect to each other. The first layer is connected to a second side of the first structure. The second layer is connected to a second side of the second structure.

Abstract: An apparatus comprising a first structure, a second structure, a first layer, and a second layer. The first structure has a first plurality of channels extending towards a number of edges of the first structure. The second structure has a second plurality of channels extending towards a number of edges of the second structure. A first side of the first structure is connected to a first side of the second structure. The first plurality of channels and the second plurality of channels have an orientation with respect to each other. The first layer is connected to a second side of the first structure. The second layer is connected to a second side of the second structure.