Abstract: A high power laser dump having defined laser beam introduction angles to the internal surface of a cylinder to maximize energy dispersion and absorption and having two zones formed of distinctive reflective and absorbing materials.

Abstract: Solid oxide electrochemical energy converters are capable of generating electricity from gaseous chemical fuels as well as producing fuels while consuming electricity. The converters consist of electrochemical cell stacks and heat exchanger stacks. An electrochemical cell stack comprises alternating solid oxide electrolyte plates and electrical conductor plates to form a electrically connected package. Means are provided to direct gases to the surfaces of the electrolyte plates where the electrodes perform the energy conversion. The heat exchanger stack consisting of multiple layers of ceramic or metal plates provides temperature conditioning on incoming reacting gases.