Abstract: Fat mixtures enriched with triglycerides having long, saturated, preferably C.sub.16 to C.sub.22, fatty acid residues and short, preferably C.sub.2 to C.sub.4, acid residues are employed in edible compositions as low calorie fats. The preferred embodiments comprise mixtures of at least two triglycerides bearing long residues (e.g. stearyl) and short residues (e.g. acetyl or propyl). In one preferred embodiment, each triglyceride contains short chain residues which are different from those in the other triglyceride. In another preferred embodiment, at least a portion of the triglycerides have two different short residues. Methods of using the low calorie fats and food products incorporating them, particularly in coating, shortening and margarine products, are disclosed.

Abstract: Fat mixtures enriched with triglycerides having long, saturated, preferably C.sub.16 to C.sub.22, fatty acid residues and short, preferably C.sub.2 to C.sub.4, acid residues are employed in edible compositions as low calorie fats. The preferred embodiments comprise mixtures of at least two triglycerides bearing long residues (e.g. stearyl) and short residues (e.g. acetyl or propyl). In one preferred embodiment, each triglyceride contains short chain residues which are different from those in the other triglyceride. In another preferred embodiment, at least a portion of the triglycerides have two different short residues. Methods of using the low calorie fats and food products incorporating them, particularly in coating, shortening and margarine products, are disclosed.

Abstract: Fat mixtures enriched with triglycerides having long, saturated, preferably C.sub.16 to C.sub.22, fatty acid residues and short, preferably C.sub.2 to C.sub.4, acid residues are employed in edible compositions as low calorie fats. The preferred embodiments comprise mixtures of at least two triglycerides bearing long residues (e.g. stearyl) and short residues (e.g. acetyl or propyl). In one preferred embodiment, each triglyceride contains short chain residues which are different from those in the other triglyceride. In another preferred embodiment, at least a portion of the triglycerides have two different short residues. Methods of using the low calorie fats and food products incorporating them, particularly in coating, shortening and margarine products, are disclosed.

Abstract: Fat mixtures enriched with triglycerides having long, saturated, preferably C.sub.16 to C.sub.22, fatty acid residues and short, preferably C.sub.2 to C.sub.4, acid residues are employed in edible compositions as low calorie fats. The preferred embodiments comprise mixtures of at least two triglycerides bearing long residues (e.g. stearyl) and short residues (e.g. acetyl or propyl). In one preferred embodiment, each triglyceride contains short chain residues which are different from those in the other triglyceride. In another preferred embodiment, at least a portion of the triglycerides have two different short residues. Methods of using the low calorie fats and food products incorporating them, particularly in coating, shortening and margarine products, are disclosed.

Abstract: Fat mixtures enriched with triglycerides having long, saturated, preferably C.sub.16 to C.sub.22, fatty acid residues and short, preferably C.sub.2 to C.sub.4, acid residues are employed in edible compositions as low calorie fats. The preferred embodiments comprise mixtures of at least two triglycerides bearing long residues (e.g. stearyl) and short residues (e.g. acetyl or propyl). In one preferred embodiment, each triglyceride contains short chain residues which are different from those in the other triglyceride. In another preferred embodiment, at least a portion of the triglycerides have two different short residues. Methods of using the low calorie fats and food products incorporating them, particularly in coating, shortening and margarine products, are disclosed.

Abstract: Margarines and shortenings are improved by employing a blend of 75 to 25% of an edible oil as a liquid oil component, and, as a hardstock component, 25 to 75% of a substantially fully hydrogenated oil bearing C.sub.16 to C.sub.24 acid residues, wherein at least about 15% of the C.sub.16 acid residues in the hydrogenated oil are replaced by the short acids acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid or a mixture of any of these acids. The levels of transunsaturated fatty acids and palmitic acid are reduced, and the products also have reduced caloric densities.

Abstract: Breath freshening, dry pet foods, e.g., pet biscuits are prepared by topically applying a breath freshening amount of a water-soluble zinc salt to a farinaceous-based baked or cooked pet food. The amount of the water-soluble zinc salt is sufficient so that said topically-applied water-soluble zinc salt contains from about 2 mg to about 6 mg of zinc ion per 10 gm of the breath freshening pet food. Consumption of the dry pet food controls the malodorous breath of the animal. Rawhide chew coated in the same manner also provides breath freshening when chewed.

Abstract: The physical properties of diacetin fats such as diacetopalmitin, diacetostearin, and diacetoarachidin, diacetobehenin are modulated by mixing them with about 10% to about 16% crystal modifier fats that are triglycerides bearing one short C.sub.2 to C.sub.4 acid residue and two long, saturated C.sub.16 to C.sub.22 fatty acid residues per molecule. The modified diacetin fats, which exhibit improved snap, gloss, hardness, bloom resistance, and mold release, are suitable for use in edible coatings, especially confectionery coatings.

Abstract: Fat mixtures enriched with triglycerides having long, saturated, preferably C.sub.16 to C.sub.22, fatty acid residues and short, preferably C.sub.2 to C.sub.4, acid residues are employed in edible compositions as low calorie fats. The preferred embodiments comprise mixtures of at least two triglycerides bearing long residues (e.g. stearyl) and short residues (e.g. acetyl or propyl). In one preferred embodiment, each triglyceride contains short chain residues which are different from those in the other triglyceride. In another preferred embodiment, at least a portion of the triglycerides have two different short residues. Methods of using the low calorie fats and food products incorporating them, particularly in coating, shortening and margarine products, are disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to nut products which have at least a portion of their natural fat replaced with a low calorie fat-like material. This is achieved by partially defatting the nuts and then either contacting them or combining (i.e., mixing) them with a non-digestible or partially digestible triglyceride material which includes a triglyceride bearing one long chain fatty acid residue and two short chain fatty acid residues. The resulting nut products have the organoleptic character of full fat nut products but a much lower calorie content.

Abstract: Fat mixtures enriched with triglycerides having long, saturated, preferably C.sub.16 to C.sub.22, fatty acid residues and short, preferably C.sub.2 to C.sub.4, acid residues are employed in edible compositions as low calorie fats The preferred embodiments comprise mixtures of at least two triglycerides bearing long residues (e.g. stearyl) and short residues (e.g. acetyl or propyl). In one preferred embodiment, each triglyceride contains short chain residues which are different from those in the other triglyceride. In another preferred embodiment, at least a portion of the triglycerides have two different short residues. Methods of using the low calorie fats and food products incorporating them, particularly in coating, shortening and margarine products, are disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to nuts and nut products which have at least a portion of their natural fat replaced with a low calorie fat-like material. This is achieved by partially defatting the nuts and then either contacting them or combining (i.e., mixing) them with a non-digestible or partially digestible triglyceride material which includes a triglyceride bearing one long chain fatty acid residue and two short chain fatty acid residues. The resulting nuts and nut products have the organoleptic character of full fat nuts and nut products but a much lower calorie content.

Abstract: The added fat or shortening content of baked goods such as fermented and chemically leavened crackers is reduced while retaining: 1) a tender, non-brittle shelf stable texture, and 2) dough machinability. The fat or shortening is replaced by water and an enzyme composition having activities for hydrolyzing non-cellulosic cell wall polysaccharides. The amount of water and the enzymatic treatment are such so as to avoid excessive starch gelatinization which is deleterious to texture.

Abstract: A heat- or microwave-activated browning composition is prepared for coating a food product to produce surface browning on exposure to heat or microwave energy. A method of browning a food product includes the steps of coating a food product with a microwaveable browning composition and subjecting the coated product to heat or microwave energy. The microwaveable browning composition includes at least one liposome-encapsulated Maillard browning reagent. A basic amino acid is encapsulated in the aqueous interior of the liposome. A reducing sugar is dissolved in the external aqueous phase of the liposome. The external aqueous phase may also contain a film-forming material. The Maillard browning reaction is triggered by heat or microwave energy. This heat or microwave energy causes the liposomes to rupture, releasing amino acid to react with reducing sugar, producing Maillard browning products.

Abstract: A cookie product is prepared having a liposome-encapsulated component dispersed therein and leavened to a crumb-like structure. The liposomes substantially retain their structural integrity during the processing, mixing, and post extrusion baking and thus remain intact in the finished cookie. The liposomes may encapsulate flavorings, fragrances, preservatives, anti-staling agents, and other labile food additives. The liposomes may provide a sustained release of the encapsulant to the cookie during storage and prior to consumption. The encapsulant may be released when the cookie is baked or eaten by the consumer. The cookies are prepared by feeding the cookie ingredients to a blending zone of a cooker-extruder and heated to form a heat treated mass. A liposome-encapsulated component is added to the cooled heat treated mass and mixed at low pressure and temperature to prevent rupture of the liposomes. An optional source of water may also be admixed to form a dough-like mixture.