Abstract: A method for 3D modeling and inversion of potential field geophysical survey data measured above a geological formation having density and/or magnetization and/or susceptibility is described, using potential field data including but not limited to gravity and/or magnetic scalar and/or vector and/or tensor data. The 3D earth model is parameterized in terms of spatially variable contrast surfaces between different geological formations which are characterized by physical properties such as density and/or magnetization and/or susceptibility values and/or functions. The properties of the 3D earth model may be constrained from a priori information. The potential field responses and/or Frechet derivatives (sensitivities) of the spatially variable contrast surfaces between different geological formations and/or physical properties are analytically evaluated using Cauchy-type integral representations of the potential fields for each of the contrast surfaces.

Abstract: A method of multinary inversion for imaging objects with discrete physical properties of the examined medium is described. The model parameters of the target area are parameterized in terms of a multinary function of the physical properties that accepts a finite number of discrete values from the continuum of at least one physical property. The multinary function is chosen such that the derivative of the multinary function with respect to the physical property is a continuous and known function. The imaging is based on solving the optimization problem for parametric functional of the multinary functions describing the target model parameters. The method can be applied for multi-modal imaging, such that at least one physical property representing the physical properties of the examined medium, may be derived to provide a reconstruction or classification of the physical properties of the examined medium.

Abstract: Methods and systems for imaging-while-drilling and look-ahead imaging of a geological formation using a borehole devices measuring multi-component vector and/or tensor logging data. An electromagnetic field transmitter generates an electromagnetic field. Electromagnetic receivers measure the response from the geological formation around the borehole and ahead of the device at various receiving positions. A central processing unit may compute a migration field by simulating the replacement of the receivers with conceptual transmitters, calculate an integrated sensitivity of the recorded electromagnetic field data, compute a reference field, and calculate a cross power spectra of the reference and the migration fields or cross correlation functions between the reference and the migration fields.

Abstract: A method for measuring the resistivity of geologic formations is described. An electromagnetic field may be generated using at least one stationary long-range transmitter. The frequency of the electromagnetic field may be between and/or including the ULF/ELF range. At least one component of the electromagnetic field may be measured by land, marine, submarine, and/or airborne receiver. A conductivity distribution may be determined based on the at least one measured component. The determined conductivity distribution may be correlated with geological formations and/or hydrocarbon deposits.

Abstract: A method for measuring the resistivity of geologic formations is described. An electromagnetic field may be generated using at least one stationary long-range transmitter. The frequency of the electromagnetic field may be between and/or including the ULF/ELF range. At least one component of the electromagnetic field may be measured by land, marine, and/or airborne receiver. A conductivity distribution may be determined based on the at least one measured component. The determined conductivity distribution may be correlated with geological formations and/or hydrocarbon deposits.

Abstract: A method for constructing data acquisition systems with focusing controlled sensitivity, capable of resolving physical parameters of the targeted area of a medium under investigation. The sensors of a data acquisition system may measure different physical fields and signals, generated by natural or artificial sources, including seismic, electromagnetic, gravity and/or magnetic fields, and/or optical, radio, low and high frequency radiation signals. A sensitivity of the data acquisition system to the parameters of the examined medium may be calculated. A priori integrated sensitivity, having maximum values within desirable parts of the examined medium, may be selected. The parameters of the optimal transformation of the original data acquisition system into a new one with integrated sensitivity closely duplicating the preselected sensitivity may be determined.

Abstract: A method for the real time volume imaging of geological structures and/or man-made objects having electrical conductivity is described, using electromagnetic (EM) sources and/or EM sensors mounted from at least one moving platform. The EM sources may include natural EM sources and/or man-made inductive sources and/or man-made galvanic sources. The EM sensors may measure at least one component of the EM field at the at least one sensor position. The EM fields measured for each combination of EM source and EM sensor may be volume imaged in real time using a moving sensitivity domain that captures the finite spatial sensitivity of each combination of EM sources and EM sensors. At least one desired property, such as conductivity, dielectric permittivity and/or induced polarization parameters, may be derived from the volume image, providing a reconstruction or classification of the physical properties of the geological structures and/or man-made objects.

Abstract: A method for rapid real time imaging of geological formations and/or man-made objects having density and/or magnetization is described, using gravity and/or magnetic scalar and/or vector and/or tensor data measured by a moving platform. The gravity and/or magnetic field sensors may measure gravity and/or magnetic data at the at least one receiver along the survey lines by the moving platform. The recorded data may be applied as an artificial source of the potential field to generate an evolving migration (backpropagating) field, and may be applied iteratively. An integrated sensitivity of the potential field to density and/or magnetization perturbation may be calculated. A spatial weighting of at least one of the evolving migration fields may form an evolving real time holographic image. At least one desired property of the medium may be derived providing real time reconstruction of the volume physical properties of the geological formations and/or man-made objects.

Abstract: Methods and systems for imaging-while-drilling and look-ahead imaging of a geological formation using a borehole devices measuring multi-component vector and/or tensor logging data. An electromagnetic field transmitter generates an electromagnetic field. Electromagnetic receivers measure the response from the geological formation around the borehole and ahead of the device at various receiving positions. A central processing unit may compute a migration field by simulating the replacement of the receivers with conceptual transmitters, calculate an integrated sensitivity of the recorded electromagnetic field data, compute a reference field, and calculate a cross power spectra of the reference and the migration fields or cross correlation functions between the reference and the migration fields.

Abstract: A new ultra-sensitive magnetometer is disclosed and described. The ultra-sensitive magnetometer relies on non-tunneling magneto-transport (MT) and control of MT in organic solid state devices. These organic devices can have different active components as magnetic and non-magnetic polymers and self-assembled monolayers (SAMs). Magnetic field sensors can include a pair of electrodes spaced apart from one another. An organic layer can be oriented between the pair of electrodes to form an organic solid state device, wherein at least one of the organic layer and electrodes is magnetic and when the organic layer is not magnetic the organic layer comprises a self assembled monolayer and the magnetic field sensor operates under non-tunneling magnetic spin transport.

Abstract: A method for measuring the resistivity of sea-bed formations is described. An electromagnetic field is generated using at least one stationary long-range transmitter. The frequency of the electromagnetic field is between and/or including the ULF/ELF range. At least one component of the electromagnetic field is measured. A conductivity distribution is determined based on the at least one measured component. The determined conductivity distribution is correlated with geological formations and/or hydrocarbon deposits.

Abstract: A method for holographic imaging an object having density and/or magnetization is described, the object being located in an examined medium using potential field data including but not limited to gravity and/or magnetic total field and/or vector and/or tensor data. The potential field sensors may measure the gravity and/or magnetic total field and/or vector and/or tensor data at least one receiving position with respect to the examined medium. At least one component of the measured potential field in at least one receiver location (potential field data) may be used as at least one artificial source of the potential field data. Artificial sources may produce a back-propagating (migration) field. An integrated sensitivity of the potential field data to density and/or magnetization perturbation may be calculated. A spatial weighting of at least one of the back-scattering (migration) fields may form a potential field holographic image.

Abstract: A method for measuring the resistivity of geologic formations is described. An electromagnetic field may be generated using at least one stationary long-range transmitter. The frequency of the electromagnetic field may be between and/or including the ULF/ELF range. At least one component of the electromagnetic field may be measured by land, marine, and/or airborne receiver. A conductivity distribution may be determined based on the at least one measured component. The determined conductivity distribution may be correlated with geological formations and/or hydrocarbon deposits.

Abstract: An apparatus having transmitter and receiver antennas is provided for measuring conductivity of an earth formation surrounding a borehole. The apparatus utilizes an initial model to invert induction measurements of the earth formation to provide a conductivity model that includes a plurality of coaxial cylinders.

Abstract: A method of security screening and inspection of people in airlines, ships, or secured buildings, involves placing an array of transmitters and receivers in operational association with the medium. The transmitters generate a broad band harmonic (frequency domain) or pulse (time domain) primary electromagnetic field (EM) field, including the lower frequency portions of the EM spectrum, whose propagation is typically characterized by the diffusion phenomena, or by the combination of the diffusion and wave phenomena. The primary field propagates through and interacts with the examined person and any objects carried by the person to produce a scattered field, which is recorded by the receivers. The scattered EM field components measured by the receivers are applied as an artificial EM field to generate a backscattering EM field.

Abstract: A method of security screening and inspection of people in airlines, ships, or secured buildings, involves placing an array of transmitters and receivers in operational association with the medium. The transmitters generate a broad band harmonic (frequency domain) or pulse (time domain) primary electromagnetic field (EM) field, including the lower frequency portions of the EM spectrum, whose propagation is typically characterized by the diffusion phenomena, or by the combination of the diffusion and wave phenomena. The primary field propagates through and interacts with the examined person and any objects carried by the person to produce a scattered field, which is recorded by the receivers. The scattered EM field components measured by the receivers are applied as an artificial EM field to generate a backscattering EM field.

Abstract: A method for measuring the resistivity of sea-bed formations is described. An electromagnetic field is generated using at least one stationary long-range transmitter. The frequency of the electromagnetic field is between and/or including the ULF/ELF range. At least one component of the electromagnetic field is measured. A conductivity distribution is determined based on the at least one measured component. The determined conductivity distribution is correlated with geological formations and/or hydrocarbon deposits.

Abstract: Mineral exploration needs a reliable method to distinguish between uneconomic mineral deposits and economic mineralization. A method and system includes a geophysical technique for subsurface material characterization, mineral exploration and mineral discrimination. The technique introduced in this invention detects induced polarization effects in electromagnetic data and uses remote geophysical observations to determine the parameters of an effective conductivity relaxation model using a composite analytical multi-phase model of the rock formations. The conductivity relaxation model and analytical model can be used to determine parameters related by analytical expressions to the physical characteristics of the microstructure of the rocks and minerals.

Abstract: A method of digital image enhancement and sharpening (11, 12) which may be applied to restoration of blurred digital images of arbitrary origin. The method uses a specially formulated constraint (15) to reconstruct the original images. In particular, the constraint of the present method minimizes the area where strong image parameter variations and discontinuities occur. This new constraint is called a minimum gradient support (MGS) constraint. The MGS constraint generates a stable sharp solution of the linear ill-posed image restoration equation with an arbitrary blurring operator.

Abstract: A method of imaging an object, such as a diseased human heart or bone or malignant tumor, in a nontransparent medium, such as the human body, involves placing an array of transmitters and receivers in operational association with the medium. The transmitters generate a broad band harmonic (frequency domain) or pulse (time domain) primary electromagnetic field (EM) field, including the lower frequency portions of the EM spectrum, whose propagation is typically characterized by the diffusion phenomena, or by the combination of the diffusion and wave phenomena. The primary field propagates through the examined medium and interacts with the object to produce a scattered field, which is recorded by the receivers. The scattered EM field components measured by the receivers are applied as an artificial EM field to generate a backscattering EM field.