Abstract: An optically transparent graphene-based wire-grid polarizer for operating at microwave frequencies (X band) has a glass substrate having multiple strips or layers of SOCl2 doped graphene. The strips are separated by portions of the glass substrate such that the strips are arranged in parallel. The SOCl2 doped graphene strips have a quasi-metallic quality allowing for the transmission of an electric field with horizontal polarization in the horizontal direction while reflecting the vertical portion of the electric field.

Abstract: An optically transparent graphene-based wire-grid polarizer for operating at microwave frequencies (X band) has a glass substrate having multiple strips or layers of SOCl2 doped graphene. The strips are separated by portions of the glass substrate such that the strips are arranged in parallel. The SOCl2 doped graphene strips have a quasi-metallic quality allowing for the transmission of an electric field with horizontal polarization in the horizontal direction while reflecting the vertical portion of the electric field.

Abstract: A photonic bandgap structure having multiple stacked layers has a thickness from the top of its top layer to the bottom of its bottom layer of less than one micron. Metal conducting layers having negative real dielectric constants are positioned between semiconductor layers having positive dielectric constants. The layers are arranged and stacked, and the thicknesses and materials for the semiconductor layers and conductive layers are selected to realize desired absorption, transmission, and reflection characteristics.

Abstract: A photonic bandgap structure having multiple stacked layers has a thickness from the top of its top layer to the bottom of its bottom layer of less than one micron. Metal conducting layers having negative real dielectric constants are positioned between semiconductor layers having positive dielectric constants. The layers are arranged and stacked, and the thicknesses and materials for the semiconductor layers and conductive layers are selected to realize desired absorption, transmission, and reflection characteristics.

Abstract: A photovoltaic cell having multiple stacked layers has a thickness from the top of its top layer to the bottom of its bottom layer of less than one micron. Metal conducting layers are positioned between semiconductor layers with semiconductor layers having higher bandgaps being located above semiconductor layers having lower band gaps. The layers of the photovoltaic cell are arranged and stacked, and the thicknesses and materials for the semiconductor layers and conductive layers are selected to realize desired absorption, transmission, and reflection characteristics. The geometry and thicknesses of the respective layers of the cell allows incident light of various angles to be absorbed by all of the semiconductor layers of the cell.

Abstract: A system that controls access to program assets, such as software programs or modules, is described. During operation, this system associates a first license code with a first group of program assets and associates a first master code with the first license code, where the first group of program assets includes one or more program assets associated with a first provider, and the first license code identifies the first master code. Then, the system provides the first license code, the first master code, and a pre-defined function to the first provider, and hosts the first group of program assets on a website. Note that the first master code and the pre-defined function allow the first provider to generate a first validation code for a customer. Moreover, the first validation code and the first license code, at least in part, allow the customer to access the first group of program assets hosted on the website, thereby facilitating independent marketing of the first group of program assets by the first provider.

Abstract: A photovoltaic cell for use in a solar cell panel and a method of forming a photovoltaic cell for use in a solar cell panel are disclosed. The photovoltaic cell includes a plurality of first layers of a first material having a first thickness and a first optical characteristic; a plurality of second layers of a second material having a second thickness and a second optical characteristic, each of the plurality of layers of the first material adjacent to two of the plurality of layers of the second material; wherein the second material includes a metal. In one aspect, the first material includes a semiconductor. In a further aspect, the plurality of first layers includes layers formed from two different semiconductor materials.

Abstract: An order fulfillment tool may indicate fulfillability information for a plurality of open orders and receive user input specifying one or more orders for potential fulfillment. In response, the order fulfillment tool may indicate revised fulfillability information for orders not specified for potential fulfillment according to the effects on a current inventory if the specified orders were fulfilled. The order fulfillment tool may also recommend orders for potential fulfillment according to user-specified order fulfillment criteria and indicate revised fulfillability information for orders not recommended for potential fulfillment. Such an order fulfillment tool may also receive user input specifying fulfillment levels for individual items of orders and update fulfillability information for other orders according to the effect of the individual fulfillment levels.

Abstract: One embodiment of the present invention provides a system that provides a context-sensitive “community link,” which enables a system or application user to easily access a community forum related to a specific system or application feature. During operation, the system provides a user with access to the system or application feature. While providing such access, the system displays a community link to the user, wherein the community link is directed to a community forum associated with the system or application feature. When the user selects the community link, the system navigates the user to the community forum associated with the system or application feature, so that the user can exchange information with other users about the system or application feature.

Abstract: We have shown that a single layer of a 3D Zero Index Material (ZIM) has omnidirectional reflection properties. In the range between the electric plasma frequency and the magnetic plasma frequency, ZIM reflect radiation for all angles of incidence and polarization with reflectivities of ˜99%. In addition, with increasing angles of incidence, the reflecting band does not shift in frequency but actually widens. The operational bandwidth can be 100% or greater by increasing the separation between the electric and magnetic plasma frequencies. We have also shown that in the spectral region that allows the omnidirectional gap, ZIM can be used as the cladding of hollow waveguides with better performance than traditional hollow waveguides.

Abstract: We have shown that a single layer of a 3D Zero Index Material (ZIM) has omnidirectional reflection properties. In the range between the electric plasma frequency and the magnetic plasma frequency, ZIM reflect radiation for all angles of incidence and polarization with reflectivities of ˜99%. In addition, with increasing angles of incidence, the reflecting band does not shift in frequency but actually widens. The operational bandwidth can be 100% or greater by increasing the separation between the electric and magnetic plasma frequencies. We have also shown that in the spectral region that allows the omnidirectional gap, ZIM can be used as the cladding of hollow waveguides with better performance than traditional hollow waveguides.

Abstract: A device and method of optics propagation and signal control integrated with micro-electro-mechanical-switches (MEMS). This device modifies optical transmission properties of a transparent multilayer metal stack by mechanically varying the thickness of an air gap between layers in the stack This is accomplished by utilizing MEMS coupled with the stack to change the optical path in a given layer of the transparent multilayer metal stack. This can be accomplished by developing a hybrid combination of transparent multilayer stacks and MEMS, wherein an air gap is used as one of the dielectric layers. The air gap thickness can be controlled by the MEMS device thereby enabling dramatic control of the optical path.

Abstract: A waveguide has upper and lower cladding regions. A core of the waveguide made of a non-linear optical polymer is positioned between the upper and lower cladding regions. A first electrode is connected to the upper cladding region and a second electrode is connected to the lower cladding region. The upper cladding region and the lower cladding region are made of photonic band gap materials and have multiple periods of cladding layers with each period having a first layer having a linear refractive index of n1 and each period having a second layer having a linear refractive index of n2. The waveguide allows for minimal distances to exist between the electrodes while allowing for virtual lossless cm-long transmission of propagating light. By applying a voltage to the electrodes, the propagated light can be modulated.

Abstract: Methods and systems provide for annotating values entered in form fields, and the ability to retrieve the annotations concerning those values. The system and method include a user interface for receiving user input and storing annotations concerning values entered within form fields. The method and system allow for retrieval and editing the annotations previously stored.

Abstract: An order fulfillment tool may indicate fulfillability information for a plurality of open orders and receive user input specifying one or more orders for potential fulfillment. In response, the order fulfillment tool may indicate revised fulfillability information for orders not specified for potential fulfillment according to the effects on a current inventory if the specified orders were fulfilled. The order fulfillment tool may also recommend orders for potential fulfillment according to user-specified order fulfillment criteria and indicate revised fulfillability information for orders not recommended for potential fulfillment. Such an order fulfillment tool may also receive user input specifying fulfillment levels for individual items of orders and update fulfillability information for other orders according to the effect of the individual fulfillment levels.

Abstract: We have shown that a single layer of a 3D Zero Index Material (ZIM) has omnidirectional reflection properties. In the range between the electric plasma frequency and the magnetic plasma frequency, ZIM reflect radiation for all angles of incidence and polarization with reflectivities of ˜99%. In addition, with increasing angles of incidence, the reflecting band does not shift in frequency but actually widens. The operational bandwidth can be 100% or greater by increasing the separation between the electric and magnetic plasma frequencies. We have also shown that in the spectral region that allows the omnidirectional gap, ZIM can be used as the cladding of hollow waveguides with better performance than traditional hollow waveguides.

Abstract: Support is provided for multiple late binding objects with a same identifier, in an operating environment that only supports registration of a single late binding object with the same identifier. Each of a plurality of processes is associated with one of a plurality of late binding objects, such that at least two processes are each associated with a separate late binding object having the same identifier. Responsive to one of the plurality of processes attempting to access a late binding object by its identifier, a determination is made as to which late binding object is associated with the process. The associated late binding object is made available to the process.

Abstract: One embodiment of the present invention provides a system that provides a context-sensitive “community link,” which enables a system or application user to easily access a community forum related to a specific system or application feature. During operation, the system provides a user with access to the system or application feature. While providing such access, the system displays a community link to the user, wherein the community link is directed to a community forum associated with the system or application feature. When the user selects the community link, the system navigates the user to the community forum associated with the system or application feature, so that the user can exchange information with other users about the system or application feature.

Abstract: Systems and methods provide quantity availability information for inventory items via a user interface. The user customizes a quantity available definition, from which the system calculates quantity available for various inventory items and dynamically updates the calculation as a result of changes to inventory classes making up the definition. Using access points within inventory tracking software, the system displays quantity available information to the user via various display formats.

Abstract: A waveguide has upper and lower cladding regions. A core of the waveguide made of a non-linear optical polymer is positioned between the upper and lower cladding regions. A first electrode is connected to the upper cladding region and a second electrode is connected to the lower cladding region. The upper cladding region and the lower cladding region are made of photonic band gap materials and have multiple periods of cladding layers with each period having a first layer having a linear refractive index of n1 and each period having a second layer having a linear refractive index of n2. The waveguide allows for minimal distances to exist between the electrodes while allowing for virtual lossless cm-long transmission of propagating light. By applying a voltage to the electrodes, the propagated light can be modulated.