Abstract: An electrical resistor integrated in an integrated semiconductor circuit to have a useful resistor with two spaced-apart useful resistor terminal contact regions and a useful resistor region of semiconductor material located therebetween; and an auxiliary resistor having two spaced-apart auxiliary resistor terminal contact regions and an auxiliary resistor region located therebetween.

Abstract: In a fully integrated logarithmic amplifier, an input current is fed via a diode, and in a reference current branch parallel thereto, a constant current flows through a similar diode. A voltage divider forms of the differential voltage between the two diodes a partial voltage on a variable resistor of the voltage divider, which is processed by a differential amplifier for forming the output signal. Parallel to the two current branches mentioned, there is provided an additional current branch having a constant current source and a diode. The differential voltage between the diode of the reference current branch and the diode in the additional current branch is also divided by a voltage divider. A differential amplifier forms of the voltage on the variable resistor of the voltage divider an error signal which changes the variable resistance from which the differential amplifier has formed the error signal as well as the resistance fo the variable resistor of which the output signal is formed.

Abstract: An electric muting circuit for soft muting of an audio signal is shown. It comprises a digitally controllable attenuation circuit having an audio signal input, an audio signal output and a control signal input and also comprises an up/down counter having a clock pulse input fed with clock pulses to be counted, a counting control input fed with a counting control signal controlling counting start and counting stop, and a count signal output from which a digital count signal is available and which a digital count signal input of the attenuation circuit.