Abstract: In an internal combustion engine having a cam on a cam shaft and a valve operated thereby, valve opening duration is decreased or increased and valve opening is performed earlier or later by shifting the lifter relative to the line of cam action so that it is acted on earlier or later by the cam.

Abstract: The angular timing relationship of the cams opening and closing the inlet and exhaust valves of an internal combustion engine can be varied while the engine is running to improve combustion efficiency. The angular relationship is varied by shifting of idler rollers 78, 80 acting on the camshaft driving timing chain adjusted by providing two cams 108, 110 for the same valve intake 104 so that cam 108 controls opening and cam 110 controls closing. Exhaust valve 105 has its opening controlled by cam 115 and its closing controlled by cam 113. An idler 122 between the two camshafts controlling cams 110 and 115 acts on the timing chain. The timing is also varied by moving the pivot point 104 of the rocker arm 62 to obtain later closing of the inlet and earlier opening of the exhaust valve 46 at high speed. Valve timing and duration is also controlled by adjusting the length of the push rod 108 and its point of contact with rocker arm 62.

Abstract: Bandwidth compression using frequency divider is applied to original or heterodyned signals. A bandwidth compressor digitally divides the frequency of information signals by an integer n and impresses amplitude modulation components of the information signals upon the frequency-divided signal. The compressed-bandwidth signal may be expanded and, thereby, restored to a signal approximating the information signals by multiplying the frequency of the compressed signal by the integer n. Fidelity of the compression and reconstruction process is modularly expandable by dividing information signals into a plurality of narrow bandwidth signals, compressing the latter with a plurality of bandwidth compressors as described, summing the compressed signals and reconstructing the information signal with a plurality of bandwidth expanders as described.

Abstract: A dispersement apparatus for an enlarged mass of fissionable material which causes the liquid fissionable material to move by gravity into a first passage means, the first passage means being connected to a plurality of second passages with the fissionable material separating into the second passages, each second passage being connected to a plurality of third passages which results in the liquid fissionable material being further separated. Each of the passages will contain adjacent the junction thereof with the previous passage a quantity of low melting point material, such as lead or tin. The heat of reaction of the fissionable material will readily melt this meltable material prior to entering the passage. The free end of the third passage may extend within a sand base with explosive means being located therewith to further and ultimately very finely disperse the fissionable material.