Abstract: An RF power combiner/divider that combines a plurality of inputs into a combined output and comprises an isolating circuit coupling the inputs to a common floating point is provided. The isolating circuit includes a grounded resonant cavity inside which transmission lines are arranged, each of the transmission lines having a first end respectively connected to one of the inputs and an opposite second end connected to a grounded resistor arranged outside of the resonant cavity. Each of the transmission lines is coupled to a coupling portion of the resonant cavity, one end of the coupling portion being connected to ground and an opposite end of the coupling portion forming the common floating point.

Abstract: A system for converting an electron beam into a photon beam includes an electron accelerator configured for generating an electron beam of accelerated electrons along an irradiation axis (Z); a scanning unit; a focusing unit for forming a focused beam converging towards a first focusing point (Fx) located on the irradiation axis (Z); a converting unit located between the focusing unit and the first focusing point (Fx), and comprising one or more bremsstrahlung converters, configured for converting the focused beam into a photon beam, wherein the one or more bremsstrahlung converters are curved such that the focused beam intersects each of the one or more bremsstrahlung converters with an intersecting angle comprised between 65° and 115° at all points, preferably between 75° and 105° at all points; and a target holder configured for holding a target.

Abstract: In accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, a rack comprising a frame having first vertical posts on a first side and second vertical posts on a second side, between which a plurality of RF amplifier modules are mounted, is provided. The RF power outputs of the RF amplifier modules are connected to inputs of an RF power combiner to deliver a combined RF power output. The RF power combiner is arranged at least partially in at least one of a first volume between the first vertical posts of the frame or a second volume between the second vertical posts of the frame, thereby reducing a footprint of the rack.

Abstract: In accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, a rack comprising a frame having first vertical posts on a first side and second vertical posts on a second side, between which a plurality of RF amplifier modules are mounted, is provided. The RF power outputs of the RF amplifier modules are connected to inputs of an RF power combiner to deliver a combined RF power output. The RF power combiner is arranged at least partially in at least one of a first volume between the first vertical posts of the frame or a second volume between the second vertical posts of the frame, thereby reducing a footprint of the rack.

Abstract: In accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, a rack comprising a frame having first vertical posts on a first side and second vertical posts on a second side, wherein the first side is opposite the second side, between which a plurality of RF amplifier modules are mounted, is provided. The RF power outputs of the RF amplifier modules are connected to inputs of an RF power combiner to deliver a combined RF power output. The RF power combiner is arranged at least partially in at least one of a first volume between the first vertical posts of the frame or a second volume between the second vertical posts of the frame, thereby reducing a footprint of the rack.

Abstract: A vario-energy electron accelerator includes a resonant cavity consisting of a closed conductor, an electron source injecting a beam of electrons into the resonant cavity, an RF system coupled to the resonant cavity and generating an electric field in the resonant cavity, magnet units centred on a mid-plane and generating a field in a deflecting chamber in fluid communication with the resonant cavity, the magnetic field deflecting along a first deflecting trajectory of adding length an electron beam exiting the resonant cavity along a first radial trajectory to reintroduce it into the resonant cavity along a second radial trajectory, an outlet for extracting along an extraction path an accelerated electron beam from the resonant cavity towards a target, wherein at least one of the magnet units is adapted for modifying the first deflecting trajectory to a second deflecting trajectory, allowing a variation of the energy of the electron beam.

Abstract: A vario-energy electron accelerator includes a resonant cavity consisting of a closed conductor, an electron source injecting a beam of electrons into the resonant cavity, an RF system coupled to the resonant cavity and generating an electric field in the resonant cavity, magnet units centred on a mid-plane and generating a field in a deflecting chamber in fluid communication with the resonant cavity, the magnetic field deflecting along a first deflecting trajectory of adding length an electron beam exiting the resonant cavity along a first radial trajectory to reintroduce it into the resonant cavity along a second radial trajectory, an outlet for extracting along an extraction path an accelerated electron beam from the resonant cavity towards a target, wherein at least one of the magnet units is adapted for modifying the first deflecting trajectory to a second deflecting trajectory, allowing a variation of the energy of the electron beam.

Abstract: An electron accelerator is provided. The electron accelerator comprises a resonant cavity comprising a hollow closed conductor, an electron source configured to inject a beam of electrons, and an RF system. The electron accelerator further comprises a magnet unit, comprising a deflecting magnet. The deflecting magnet is configured to generate a magnetic field in a deflecting chamber in fluid communication with the resonant cavity by a deflecting window. The magnetic field is configured to deflect an electron beam emerging out of the resonant cavity through the deflecting window along a first radial trajectory in the mid-plane (Pm) and to redirect the electron beam into the resonant cavity through the deflecting window towards the central axis along a second radial trajectory. The deflecting magnet is composed of first and second permanent magnets positioned on either side of the mid-plane (Pm).

Abstract: An electron accelerator comprising a resonant cavity, an electron source, an RF system, and at least one magnet unit is provided. The resonant cavity further comprises a hollow closed conductor and the electron source is configured to radially inject a beam of electrons into the cavity. The RF system is configured to generate an electric field to accelerate the electrons along radial trajectories. The at least one magnet unit further comprises a deflecting magnet configured to generate a magnetic field that deflects an electron beam emerging out of the resonant cavity along a first radial trajectory and redirects the electron beam into the resonant cavity along a second radial trajectory. The resonant cavity further comprises a first half shell, a second half shell, and a central ring element.

Abstract: In accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, a rack comprising a frame having first vertical posts on a first side and second vertical posts on a second side, between which a plurality of RF amplifier modules are mounted, is provided. The RF power outputs of the RF amplifier modules are connected to inputs of an RF power combiner to deliver a combined RF power output. The RF power combiner is arranged at least partially in at least one of a first volume between the first vertical posts of the frame or a second volume between the second vertical posts of the frame, thereby reducing a footprint of the rack.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a magnet pole for an isochronous sector-focused cyclotron having hill and valley sectors alternatively distributed around a central axis, Z, each hill sector having an upper surface bounded by four edges: an upper peripheral edge, an upper central edge, a first and a second upper lateral edges. The upper surface of at least one hill sector may further include: a recess extending over a length between a proximal end and a distal end along a longitudinal axis intersecting the upper peripheral edge and the upper central edge. The recess may be separate from the first and second upper lateral edges over at least 80% of its length, and a pole insert having a geometry fitting in the recess may be positioned in, and reversibly coupled to the recess.

Abstract: An electron accelerator is provided. The electron accelerator comprises a resonant cavity comprising a hollow closed conductor, an electron source configured to inject a beam of electrons, and an RF system. The electron accelerator further comprises a magnet unit, comprising a deflecting magnet. The deflecting magnet is configured to generate a magnetic field in a deflecting chamber in fluid communication with the resonant cavity by a deflecting window. The magnetic field is configured to deflect an electron beam emerging out of the resonant cavity through the deflecting window along a first radial trajectory in the mid-plane (Pm) and to redirect the electron beam into the resonant cavity through the deflecting window towards the central axis along a second radial trajectory. The deflecting magnet is composed of first and second permanent magnets positioned on either side of the mid-plane (Pm).

Abstract: An electron accelerator comprising a resonant cavity, an electron source, an RF system, and at least one magnet unit is provided. The resonant cavity further comprises a hollow closed conductor and the electron source is configured to radially inject a beam of electrons into the cavity. The RF system is configured to generate an electric field to accelerate the electrons along radial trajectories. The at least one magnet unit further comprises a deflecting magnet configured to generate a magnetic field that deflects an electron beam emerging out of the resonant cavity along a first radial trajectory and redirects the electron beam into the resonant cavity along a second radial trajectory. The resonant cavity further comprises a first half shell, a second half shell, and a central ring element.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a magnet pole for an isochronous sector-focused cyclotron having hill and valley sectors alternatively distributed around a central axis, Z, each hill sector having an upper surface bounded by four edges: an upper peripheral edge, an upper central edge, a first and a second upper lateral edges. The upper peripheral edge of a hill sector may be an arc of circle whose center is offset with respect to the central axis, and whose radius, Rh, is not more than 85% of a distance, Lh, from the central axis to a midpoint of the upper peripheral edge. Furthermore, the midpoint may be equidistant to the first and second upper distal ends.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to compact isochronous sector-focused cyclotrons having reduced dimensions and weight compared with state of the art cyclotrons of same energies. In one implementation, a cyclotron may include two pole magnets facing each other in a chamber defined by a yoke having base plates and flux return yokes forming a lateral wall of the chamber. The magnet poles may include between three and eight hill sectors alternating with a same number of valley sectors distributed about a central axis. The lip of the abyssal opening may be positioned at a distance from the corresponding valley peripheral edge. The flux return yoke may have a thickness in the portions facing valley sectors, such that the ratio of the product of the distance times the thickness to the square of the distance of the peripheral edge to the central axis is less than 5%.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to compact isochronous sector-focused cyclotrons having reduced dimensions and weight compared with state of the art cyclotrons of same energies. In one implementation, a cyclotron may include two pole magnets facing each other in a chamber defined by a yoke having base plates and flux return yokes forming a lateral wall of the chamber. The magnet poles may include between three and eight hill sectors alternating with a same number of valley sectors distributed about a central axis. The lip of the abyssal opening may be positioned at a distance from the corresponding valley peripheral edge. The flux return yoke may have a thickness in the portions facing valley sectors, such that the ratio of the product of the distance times the thickness to the square of the distance of the peripheral edge to the central axis is less than 5%.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a magnet pole for an isochronous sector-focused cyclotron having hill and valley sectors alternatively distributed around a central axis, Z, each hill sector having an upper surface bounded by four edges: an upper peripheral edge, an upper central edge, a first and a second upper lateral edges. The upper surface of at least one hill sector may further include: a recess extending over a length between a proximal end and a distal end along a longitudinal axis intersecting the upper peripheral edge and the upper central edge. The recess may be separate from the first and second upper lateral edges over at least 80% of its length, and a pole insert having a geometry fitting in the recess may be positioned in, and reversibly coupled to the recess.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a magnet pole for an isochronous sector-focused cyclotron having hill and valley sectors alternatively distributed around a central axis, Z, each hill sector having an upper surface bounded by four edges: an upper peripheral edge, an upper central edge, a first and a second upper lateral edges. The upper peripheral edge of a hill sector may be an arc of circle whose center is offset with respect to the central axis, and whose radius, Rh, is not more than 85% of a distance, Lh, from the central axis to a midpoint of the upper peripheral edge. Furthermore, the midpoint may be equidistant to the first and second upper distal ends.

Abstract: The present invention is related to an apparatus for transporting a charged particle beam. The apparatus may include means for scanning the charged particle beam on a target, a dipole magnet arranged upstream of the means for scanning, at least three quadrupole lenses arranged between the dipole magnet and the means for scanning and means for adjusting the field strength of said at least three quadrupole lenses in function of the scanning angle of the charged particle beam. The apparatus can be made at least single achromatic.

Abstract: Disclosed embodiments include an electron accelerator, having a resonant cavity having an outer conductor and an inner conductor; an electron source configured to generate and to inject a beam of electrons transversally into the resonant cavity; a radio frequency (RF) source coupled to the resonant cavity and configured to: energize the resonant cavity with an RF power at a nominal RF frequency, and generate an electric field into said resonant cavity that accelerates the electrons of the electron beam a plurality of times into the cavity and according to successive and different transversal trajectories; and at least one deflecting magnet configured to bend back the electron beam that emerges out of the cavity and to redirect the electron beam towards the cavity.