Abstract: An apparatus for measuring interior profiles of enclosed spaces such as railway tunnels through optical means, achieves greater speed and precision than hitherto known apparatus by using a continuous collimated band of light together with means for maintaining the light band at a constant angle of incidence with the profile to be measured and means for detecting variations of the vertical angle of the light source while the light source and an associated image analyser are moved through the enclosed space.

Abstract: This disclosure describes a device adapted to be mounted on a safety belt type of restraint in which a sheering means may be actuated by energy storing means, thereby to sever the restraint. The energy storing means may be set off by one or more detectors responsive to abnormal conditions such as fire or violent shock.

Abstract: An apparatus for examining vertically-held stationary pharmaceutical ampoules containing an injectable liquid, after having rotated the ampoules to spin the liquid and any foreign particles in the liquid, comprises a laser source emitting a beam which is directed vertically through an ampoule to be examined by one or more objectives. A series of photoelectric cells receive the beam, possibly via fiber bundles, and influence a circuit providing a signal for rejection of an ampoule containing a moving particle. The laser beam may be divided into several beams by partially reflecting mirrors, or a single beam passed through an ampoule several times by means of oblique mirrors.