Abstract: The disclosure pertains to a method implemented in a Wireless Transmit/Receive Unit (WTRU) for service continuity during an application context relocation (ACR) procedure. The method includes determining, by the WTRU, one or more local area data network (LADN) data network names (DNNs) that require service continuity. The method additionally includes indicating, to a network by the WTRU, the LADN DNNs that require service continuity. The network is configured to use the list to maintain a protocol data unit (PDU) session toward a source LADN DNN, after the WTRU leaves a service area of a source LADN, while ACR is being executed and release the PDU session when the ACR is complete.

Abstract: An unmanned aerial system (UAS) may execute a mission planned by a UAS traffic management (UTM) system. The UAS may receive a mission planning response message from the UTM that includes a mission route for the UAS to navigate and a configuration of one or more trigger events. The mission route may be made up of a sequence of waypoints in an airspace. Each of the waypoints may be configured with a dynamic path conforming profile (PCP) a dynamic required navigation performance (RNP) value. The UAS may monitor at least the RNP value in one or more time intervals to determine if a trigger event occurs. The UAS may transmit a path conformance status report to the UTM upon determining that a trigger event of the one or more trigger events occurred. The path conformance status report may indicate conformance to one or more parameters specified in the PCP.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, systems, architectures and interfaces for a wireless transmit receive unit (WTRU) performing a client-side edge resolution function (cERF) are provided. A method may include any of: transmitting, to a network-side edge application resolver (nEAR), a signal requesting an IP address identifying (e.g.

Abstract: A wireless transmit / receive unit, WTRU, connects to a first AP, receives domain identifiers, requests corresponding descriptors and receives a list of descriptors. An application on the WTRU requests a list of domains and attributes corresponding to service names or service sets, which is returned by the WTRU. The application selects one or more domains for communications, the WTRU selects corresponding network resources and the application connects to local services. After moving to a new location, the WTRU connects to a second AP and receives a second set of domain identifiers, selects the one matching the request from the application and provides these to the application that, with the aid of the WTRU connects to local services.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, systems, architectures and interfaces for a wireless transmit receive unit (WTRU) performing a client-side edge resolution function (cERF) are provided. A method may include any of: determining a fully qualified domain name (FQDN) associated with a domain name server (DNS) request of an application associated with the WTRU; if the FQDN is associated with a valid edge instance (EI) record, selecting an EI for resolving the FQDN to an IP address; if the FQDN is not associated with a valid EI record: (1) transmitting a DNS query to a DNS server, (2) receiving an IP address associated with a selected EI to which the FQDN is resolved, and (3) updating the EI record with the IP address and the FQDN; and generating a traffic steering rule to re-direct uplink traffic associated with the application to the selected EI.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for reducing application instantiation delay and downtime are described herein. A method may comprise relocating an application function from a source Edge Data Network (EDN) component to a target EDN component. The method may comprise receiving an indication, and/or determining, based on at least one of a user mobility, resource optimization requirement, key performance indicator (KPI), or a failed relocation attempt, to relocate the application function. The method may further comprise performing a Protocol Data Unit (PDU) session establishment procedure toward the target EDN component. The method may further comprise determining, based on one or more received parameters for edge usage and capabilities, to relocate the application function. The method may further comprise sending, to a European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) Multi-access Edge Computing (MEC) orchestrator, an indication that the application function will be relocated.

Abstract: A method for setting up a multiple radio access technology (multi-RAT) device-to-device (D2D) communication is disclosed. An application function (AF) in a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may identify a group of multiple radio access technology (multi-RAT) capable WTRUs to a policy control function (PCF), wherein one or more multi-RAT capable WTRUs of the group of multi- RAT capable WTRUs register as having enhanced device-to-device (ED2D) functionality. The AF may select a multi-RAT capable WTRU from the group of multi-RAT capable WTRUs having ED2D functionality, as a relay for extended D2D operation. The device with ED2D function will act as Relay for ED2D (RED2D). The PCF may then reconfigure the RED2D with group related information. The RED2D may then configure D2D communication among the group of multi-RAT capable WTRUs.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, systems, architectures and interfaces for a wireless transmit receive unit (WTRU) performing discovery of Edge Network Management (ENM) servers are provided. A method may include any of: transmitting any of a discover message, an inform message, and a request message including information indicating a request for discovery of ENM servers; receiving any of an offer message and an acknowledgement message including server information indicating any number of ENM servers associated with the request for discovery of ENM servers; and performing communications with any of the ENM servers for which there is received server information.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, systems, architectures and interfaces for a wireless transmit receive unit (WTRU) performing a client-side edge resolution function (cERF) are provided. A method may include any of: determining a fully qualified domain name (FQDN) associated with a domain name server (DNS) request of an application associated with the WTRU; if the FQDN is associated with a valid edge instance (EI) record, selecting an EI for resolving the FQDN to an IP address; if the FQDN is not associated with a valid EI record: (1) transmitting a DNS query to a DNS server, (2) receiving an IP address associated with a selected EI to which the FQDN is resolved, and (3) updating the EI record with the IP address and the FQDN; and generating a traffic steering rule to re-direct uplink traffic associated with the application to the selected EI.

Abstract: An unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) may detect a risk of collision with one or more objects in an airspace serviced by a mobile edge computing (MEC) node. The MEC node may provide an edge detect and avoid (edge-DAA) function for use in the airspace. The UAV may determine a first resolution advisory (RA) to be acted on in order to avoid the collision with the one or more objects based on a local DAA function within the UAV. The UAV may receive, from the MEC node, a second RA to be acted on in order to avoid the collision with the one or more objects based on the edge-DAA function. If the second RA can be acted onto avoid the collision with the one or more objects, the UAV may act on the second RA and may send a message to the MEC node with an acknowledgement.

Abstract: An unmanned aerial system (UAS) may execute a mission planned by a UAS traffic management (UTM) system. The UAS may receive a mission planning response message from the UTM that includes a mission route for the UAS to navigate and a configuration of one or more trigger events. The mission route may be made up of a sequence of waypoints in an airspace. Each of the waypoints may be configured with a dynamic path conforming profile (PCP) a dynamic required navigation performance (RNP) value. The UAS may monitor at least the RNP value in one or more time intervals to determine if a trigger event occurs. The UAS may transmit a path conformance status report to the UTM upon determining that a trigger event of the one or more trigger events occurred. The path conformance status report may indicate conformance to one or more parameters specified in the PCP.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and instrumentalities are disclosed to communicate traffic flow information to a network. A user equipment (UE) may detect a traffic flow (e.g., using one or more of the traffic detection implementations described herein). A 5-tuple associated with the traffic flow may be unknown by the network. The UE may issue an alert to the network. The alert may indicate to the network that the traffic flow has been detected. The UE may determine the 5-tuple associated with the traffic flow. The UE may report the 5-tuple to the network. The report may be in response to one or more of: a request received from the network requesting traffic flow information; or, a determination that a first policy condition has been met.

Abstract: Systems and methods for extending Inter System Routing Policies (ISRPs) of an ANDSF to enable domain name system (DNS) flows to be identified by a queried domain may be disclosed. Such systems and methods may include providing an ISRP with a routing rule that may be used to select a DNS sever or interface thereof and resolve DNS for a target domain name and/or corresponding target URL for a website.

Abstract: Systems and methods for extending Inter System Routing Policies (ISRPs) of an ANDSF to enable domain name system (DNS) flows to be identified by a queried domain may be disclosed. Such systems and methods may include providing an ISRP with a routing rule that may be used to select a DNS sever or interface thereof and resolve DNS for a target domain name and/or corresponding target URL for a website.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and instrumentalities are disclosed to communicate traffic flow information to a network. A user equipment (UE) may detect a traffic flow (e.g., using one or more of the traffic detection implementations described herein). A 5-tuple associated with the traffic flow may be unknown by the network. The UE may issue an alert to the network. The alert may indicate to the network that the traffic flow has been detected. The UE may determine the 5-tuple associated with the traffic flow. The UE may report the 5-tuple to the network. The report may be in response to one or more of: a request received from the network requesting traffic flow information; or, a determination that a first policy condition has been met.

Abstract: A rotor assembly for rotating and actuating a working implement, comprising a load-bearing shaft adapted to be mounted to a boom member displacing the rotor assembly. Actuation means are secured to the load-bearing shaft. A drive assembly is rotatably mounted about the load-bearing shaft and is coupled to the actuation means. The drive assembly is adapted to be connected to a working implement so as to transmit actuation from the actuation means to the working implement to drive the working implement about the load-bearing shaft. A collector assembly is rotatably mounted to the load-bearing shaft and is adapted to receive a pressure supply therefrom. The collector assembly is provided with connector means adapted to provide the working implement with the pressure supply.

Abstract: A rotor assembly (14,14′) for rotating and actuating a working implement (12), comprising a load-bearing shaft (20,20′) adapted to be mounted to a boom member (11). Actuation means (21) are secured to the load-bearing shaft (20,20′). A drive assembly (25) is rotatably mounted about the load-bearing shaft (20,20′) and is coupled to the actuation means (21). And a working implement (12) so as to transmit actuation from the actuation means (21) to the working implement (12) to drive the working implement (12) about the load-bearing shaft (20,20′). A collector assembly (30,30′) is rotatably mounted to the load-bearing shaft (20,20′) and is adapted to receive a pressure supply therefrom. The collector assembly (30,30′) is provided with connector means (32A,62,76) adapted to provide the working implement (12) with the pressure supply.

Abstract: A binding comprising a base plate (1) carrying, for holding a boot, front retention (2) and a heelpiece (7) mounted slidably on the base plate, and a traction strap (16) acting on the heelpiece in order to pull it forward. The base plate (1) is equipped with a rack (6), and the heelpiece (7) is equipped with two levers (11, 12), the lower arms of which are connected to the ends of a small arch (15) which hooks into the rack. The upper arms of the levers are connected to the traction strap (16) which is intended to pass diagonally over the instep of the boot. The pressure on the small arch makes it possible to increase the force of the forward thrust and the heel of the boot is pressed against the base plate.

Abstract: A process for hydrocracking a heavy hydrocarbon oil feedstock, a substantial portion of which boils above 524.degree. C. is described which includes the steps of: (a) passing a slurry feed of a mixture of heavy hydrocarbon oil feedstock and from about 0.01-4.0% by weight (based on fresh feedstock) of coke-inhibiting additive particles upwardly through a confined vertical hydrocracking zone, the hydrocracking zone being maintained at a temperature between about 350.degree. and 600.degree. C. a pressure of at least 3.

Abstract: A process for hydrocracking a heavy hydrocarbon oil feedstock, a substantial portion of which boils above 524.degree. C. is described which includes the steps of: (a) passing a slurry feed of a mixture of heavy hydrocarbon oil feedstock and from about 0.01-4.0% by weight (based on fresh feedstock) of coke-inhibiting additive particles upwardly through a confined vertical hydrocracking zone, the hydrocracking zone being maintained at a temperature between about 350.degree. and 600.degree. C. a pressure of at least 3.