Abstract: There is provided a transmission apparatus including: a buffer provided with a queue for each of user flows, the buffer configured to store data in the queue for the user flow to which the data belongs; a storage unit configured to store a link list indicating an output order of the user flows; an issuing unit configured to issue a predetermined output permissible amount to the queue for the user flow by referring to the link list; and an output control unit configured to output data from the queue to which the output permissible amount is issued.

Abstract: There is provided a transmission apparatus including: a buffer provided with a queue for each of user flows, the buffer configured to store data in the queue for the user flow to which the data belongs; a storage unit configured to store a link list indicating an output order of the user flows; an issuing unit configured to issue a predetermined output permissible amount to the queue for the user flow by referring to the link list; and an output control unit configured to output data from the queue to which the output permissible amount is issued.

Abstract: A communication system capable of communicating control information without decreasing the bandwidth available to users. A coder encodes a primary signal to generate encoded data such that the polarity of the encoded data alternates between positive and negative polarities. A polarity-reversed data generator reverses the polarity of part of the encoded data to generate polarity-reversed data. A transmitter transmits, as communication data, the encoded data including the polarity-reversed data. A receiver receives the communication data, and a polarity-reversed data detector determines whether or not the polarity of the received communication data alternates between positive and negative polarities, and detects, as the polarity-reversed data, data of which the polarity differs from an expected polarity. A polarity recognizer recognizes the polarity of the polarity-reversed data and treats the recognized polarity as control information.

Abstract: A communication device capable of restraining the packet transmission efficiency from lowering. An address storing unit extracts, from uplink packets, the addresses of terminals connected to sub-units and registers the addresses in an address management table. An address extracting unit extracts the address of a destination terminal included in a downlink packet output from a layer 2 switch, and an address determining unit determines whether or not the address of the destination terminal is registered in the address management table. In accordance with the result of the determination, a packet output unit outputs the downlink packet to a corresponding coupler.

Abstract: A packet transmission device including plural queues for storing packets to be transmitted is provided. The device includes a token storage section for storing queue information for identifying a queue and an accumulated token value in which token values assigned to the queue are accumulated so as to obtain correspondence therebetween and a capture section for identifying one or both of an unused queue and a queue in which the accumulated token value exceeds a given upper limit value and capturing the queue information thereof. The device includes a selection section for selecting the queue information of the unidentified queue on the basis of the queue information captured using the capture section and an addition section for adding the accumulated token value of the token storage section on the basis of the queue information selected using the selection section.

Abstract: A communication system capable of communicating control information without decreasing the bandwidth available to users. A coder encodes a primary signal to generate encoded data such that the polarity of the encoded data alternates between positive and negative polarities. A polarity-reversed data generator reverses the polarity of part of the encoded data to generate polarity-reversed data. A transmitter transmits, as communication data, the encoded data including the polarity-reversed data. A receiver receives the communication data, and a polarity-reversed data detector determines whether or not the polarity of the received communication data alternates between positive and negative polarities, and detects, as the polarity-reversed data, data of which the polarity differs from an expected polarity. A polarity recognizer recognizes the polarity of the polarity-reversed data and treats the recognized polarity as control information.

Abstract: A cellular phone includes an X-axis magnetic sensor for outputting a first value corresponding to a component of an external magnetic field along the direction of a transverse axis of the main body, and a Y-axis magnetic sensor for outputting a second value corresponding to a component of the external magnetic field along the direction of a longitudinal axis of the main body. The cellular phone includes a ROM which stores a conversion table defining the relation between the first and second values and values of azimuth and inclination angle of the longitudinal axis of the main body. The cellular phone determines the azimuth and inclination angle on the basis of the first and second values actually output from the X-axis and Y-axis magnetic sensors and with reference to the conversion table.

Abstract: A communication device capable of restraining the packet transmission efficiency from lowering. An address storing unit extracts, from uplink packets, the addresses of terminals connected to sub-units and registers the addresses in an address management table. An address extracting unit extracts the address of a destination terminal included in a downlink packet output from a layer 2 switch, and an address determining unit determines whether or not the address of the destination terminal is registered in the address management table. In accordance with the result of the determination, a packet output unit outputs the downlink packet to a corresponding coupler.

Abstract: A cellular phone includes an X-axis magnetic sensor for outputting a first value corresponding to a component of an external magnetic field along the direction of a transverse axis of the main body, and a Y-axis magnetic sensor for outputting a second value corresponding to a component of the external magnetic field along the direction of a longitudinal axis of the main body. The cellular phone includes a ROM which stores a conversion table defining the relation between the first and second values and values of azimuth and inclination angle of the longitudinal axis of the main body. The cellular phone determines the azimuth and inclination angle on the basis of the first and second values actually output from the X-axis and Y-axis magnetic sensors and with reference to the conversion table.