Abstract: A transparent conductive substrate capable of readily producing a transparent conductive substrate having a low resistance, a high transmittance and an excellent anti-moire property without using a special apparatus and can be applied to production of various extensive substrates by applying a dispersion solution of metal fine particles capable of forming a self-organized film on a support, drying the obtained coating layer and then subjecting the resulting dried material to heat treatment and/or chemical treatment particles on a support, drying the obtained coating layer and then reducing and precipitating the precursor of the metal fine particles, to previously form a transparent conductive film; and then bonding a substrate to the support to transfer the transparent conductive film onto the substrate and releasing the support from the transparent conductive film.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for producing a transparent conductive substrate which is capable of readily producing the transparent conductive substrate having a low resistance, a high transmittance and an excellent anti-moire property without using a special apparatus and can be applied to production of various extensive substrates; a transparent conductive substrate having a sufficiently high optical transparency and electromagnetic shielding property which can be readily subjected to molding process as well as a process for producing the transparent conductive substrate; and a transparent conductive molded product.

Abstract: A process of manufacturing a silica glass article comprising the steps of: (1) irradiating a silica glass article with electromagnetic waves to generate defects therein; and (2) immersing the thus irradiated silica glass article in an atmosphere comprising a hydrogen gas, thereby providing the resulting silica glass article with a characteristic that is effective for preventing it substantially from increasing its absorption within an ultraviolet region due to ultraviolet ray irradiation. Also disclosed are a silica glass article or a glass fiber produced according to the manufacturing process.

Abstract: A satellite 10 in the sky has an imaging radar and a captured image data transmitting means, and captures an image of a predetermined subject area A including roads R. According to the captured image data concerning the subject area A, a traffic control section 21 grasps the state of traffic in the subject area A, and estimates a state of congestion according to thus grasped state of traffic. Also, according to thus estimated state of congestion, the traffic control section 21 sets parameters such as on/off times of signals. Thus set parameters are sent from the traffic control section 21 to their corresponding signals. The on/off of each signal is controlled according to the set parameters. Hence, the state of traffic in a wide area can be grasped quite accurately, and traffic can be controlled according to thus grasped state of traffic.

Abstract: A process of manufacturing a silica glass article comprising the steps of: (1) irradiating a silica glass article with electromagnetic waves to generate defects therein; and (2) immersing the thus irradiated silica glass article in an atmosphere comprising a hydrogen gas, thereby providing the resulting silica glass article with a characteristic that is effective for preventing it substantially from increasing its absorption within an ultraviolet region due to ultraviolet ray irradiation. Also disclosed are a silica glass article or a glass fiber produced according to the manufacturing process.

Abstract: A process of manufacturing a silica glass article comprising the steps of: (1) irradiating a silica glass article with electromagnetic waves to generate defects therein; and (2) immersing the thus irradiated silica glass article in an atmosphere comprising a hydrogen gas, thereby providing the resulting silica glass article with a characteristic that is effective for preventing it substantially from increasing its absorption within an ultraviolet region due to ultraviolet ray irradiation. Also disclosed are a silica glass article or a glass fiber produced according to the manufacturing process.

Abstract: A process of manufacturing a silica glass article comprising the steps of: (1) irradiating a silica glass article with electromagnetic waves to generate defects therein; and (2) immersing the thus irradiated silica glass article in an atmosphere comprising a hydrogen gas, thereby providing the resulting silica glass article with a characteristic that is effective for preventing it substantially from increasing its absorption within an ultraviolet region due to ultraviolet ray irradiation. Also disclosed are a silica glass article or a glass fiber produced according to the manufacturing process.

Abstract: A UV light-permeable optical glass consisting of a fluorine-doped synthetic quartz glass, which has a long term reliability.

Abstract: A glass preform which is used for fabricating an optical fiber, has substantially no bubbles therein and contains sufficient amount of fluorine is produced by a method comprising steps of: forming a porous glass soot body from a glass-forming raw material, removing trapped gas and water from pores of the soot body by heating the soot body under pressure lower than several ten Torr. at a temperature at which the soot body is not vitrified, filling the pores of the soot body with a gas containing SiF.sub.

Abstract: The present invention providesa process for the dehydrating and purifying treatment by heating a porous glass preform for an optical fiber comprising passing the porous glass preform through a muffle tube having a SiC layer at least on its inner surface at a high temperature under an atmosphere comprising an inert gas and a silicon halogenide gas;a process for the fluorine-doping treatment by heating a porous glass preform for an optical fiber comprising passing a porous glass preform through a muffle tube having a SiC layer at least on its inner surface at a high temperature under an atmosphere comprising a fluorine compound gas and an inert gas; anda process for the vitrifying treatment by heating a porous glass preform for an optical fiber comprising passing the preform, which has been previously dehydrated and purified, through a muffle tube having a SiC layer at least on its inner surface at a high temperature under an atmosphere gas.

Abstract: A total reflection X-ray fluorescence apparatus comprises a base material having an optically flat surface for totally reflecting X-rays radiated at a small glancing angle, a first detector such as an SSD for detecting fluorescent X-rays emerging from a specimen located near the optically flat surface of the base material and a second detector such as a scintillation counter for detecting an intensity of an X-rays coming from the base material.

Abstract: A method for producing a glass preform, which method comprises forming a soot preform of glass fine particles comprising SiO.sub.2 by flame hydrolysis or solution hydrolysis of a starting glass material and sintering the soot preform in an atmosphere containing at least SiF.sub.4 to obtain a glass preform which is free from an increase in absorption due to impurities and has sufficiently low attenuation of light transmission.

Abstract: A total reflection X-ray fluorescence apparatus comprises a base material having an optically flat surface for totally reflecting X-rays radiated at a small glancing angle, a first detector such as an SSD for detecting fluorescent X-rays emerging from a specimen located near the optically flat surface of the base material and a second detector such as a scintillation counter for detecting intensity of X-rays coming from the base material.

Abstract: A refractive index profile in a glass article is easily controlled by heating a solid or hollow cylindrical glass soot preform in an atmosphere comprising a fluorine-containing compound under such conditions that a partial pressure of the fluorine-containing compound is changed as the heating proceeds so as to control a fluorine concentration in a radial direction of the optical glass article.

Abstract: A glass preform which is used for fabricating an optical fiber, has substantially no bubbles therein and contains sufficient amount of fluorine is produced by a method comprising steps of: forming a porous glass soot body from a glass-forming raw material, removing trapped gas and water from pores of the soot body by heating the soot body under pressure lower than several ten Torr. at a temperature at which the soot body is not vitrified, filling the pores of the soot body with a gas containing SiF.sub.

Abstract: A method for producing a glass preform for use in the fabrication of an optical fiber, which comprises adding fluorine to a soot preform in an atmosphere comprising a fluorine-coating compound at a temperature at which the soot preform is in the porous state and then keeping or inserting it in an atmosphere containing a fluorine-containing compound at a higher temperature to vitrify it to form a glass preform, from which glass preform, an optical fiber homogeneously containing fluorine is fabricated.

Abstract: A method for producing a glass preform for use in the fabrication of an optical fiber, which includes the steps of forming a glass soot preform from a glass-forming raw material and heating the soot preform in an atmosphere containing SiF.sub.4 under a pressure higher than 2 atm. for a period of time sufficient to add fluorine during the time between the formation of the soot preform and the vitrification of it, fluorine is added at a high rate and in a larger amount.

Abstract: A glass preform is produced by forming a glass soot composite body having a core portion consisting of a solid glass and a peripheral portion consisting of a porous glass mass, removing trapped gas and water from pores of the soot composite body by heating the soot composite body under a pressure lower than several ten Torr. at a temperature at which the porous glass mass is not vitrified, filling the pores in the porous glass mass of the soot composite body with a gas containing SiF.sub.4, the partial pressure of which is a function of the desired specific difference of refractive index, thus uniformly adding fluorine to the soot glass mass, and vitrifying the fluorine-added soot glass mass into a transparent glass mass to form a glass preform.

Abstract: A molded article of ceramic oxide superconductor having an increased critical current density is produced by a method including sintering a powdery mixture of oxides and/or carbonates of elements which constitute the ceramic oxide superconductor to obtain a molded article, or melting the sintered ceramic oxide superconductor and molding the superconductor melt to obtain a molded article, wherein the powdery mixture and/or the molded article is irradiated.

Abstract: A total reflection X-ray fluorescence apparatus comprises a base material having an optically flat surface for totally reflecting X-rays radiated at a small glancing angle, a first detector such as an SSD for detecting fluorescent X-rays emerging from a specimen located near the optically flat surface of the base material and a second detector such as a scintillation counter for detecting an intensity of an X-rays coming from the base material.