Abstract: To provide a PTFE granular powder containing no filler which has a large apparent density, a small average particle size, a narrow particle size distribution, a small electrostatic charge, a small angle of repose and an excellent powder flowability, and a process for preparing the same. The granular powder is prepared by granulation of a PTFE powder in water with stirring in the presence of an organic liquid forming liquid-liquid interface with water and a nonionic and/or anionic surfactant. A molded article obtained from the granular powder is excellent in tensile strength and elongation and has a small surface roughness, a high electrostatic charge and a high whiteness (Z value).

Abstract: Filler-containing polytetrafluoroethylene granular powder, which has a large apparent density, a small average particle size, a narrow particle size distribution, a superior powder flowability, a small electrostatic charge and gives a molded product having a superior tensile strength and elongation a high degree of whiteness and a low surface roughness, and a process for preparing the same. The granulation is carried out by stirring, in water, of a PTFE powder and a filler in the presence of an organic liquid forming liquid-liquid interface with water and an anionic surfactant and/or nonionic surfactant such as a segmented polyalkylene glycol having a hydrophobic segment and hydrophilic segment and deagglomerating of the powder.

Abstract: To provide a filler-containing or non-filler-containing polytetrafluoroethylene granular powder having a high apparent density, a small electrostatic charge and a superior powder flowability and giving a molded product which is free from lowering of tensile strength and elongation and coloring attributable to the surfactant and has a high degree of whiteness, and a process for preparing the same. The granulation is carried out by wetting 100 part by weight of a polytetrafluoroethylene powder or a mixture of polytetrafluoroethylene powder and filler with 30 to 60 parts by weight of an aqueous solution containing a nonionic surfactant having a hydrophobic segment comprising a poly(oxyalkylene) unit having 3 or 4 carbon atoms and a hydrophilic segment comprising a poly(oxyethylene) unit and then applying a mechanical force to the wetted polytetrafluoroethylene powder or the wetted mixture of polytetrafluoroethylene powder and filler.

Abstract: To provide a method of shaping a granular polytetrafluoroethylene powder, in which a powder flowability can be enhanced and an apparent density can be increased without substantially changing an average particle size and particle size distribution of the powder. The granular polytetrafluoroethylene powder having an average particle size of 100 to 800 &mgr;m is subjected to shaping by using a rotating-type stirring vessel with two cross axes.

Abstract: A continuous plasma CVD apparatus, characterized in that frequency of high-frequency bias is in the range of 50-900 KHz, a blocking condenser is provided between a thin film and a high-frequency source so that the product C·f of electrostatic capacity C of the blocking condenser and frequency f of the high-frequency source is 0.02 [F·Hz] or more, and the total of impedances of all the rollers provided in the route of from a substrate unwind roller to a rotating drum is 10 k&OHgr; or more and the total of impedances of all the rollers provided in the route of from the rotating drum to a wind roller is 10 k&OHgr; or more. According to this apparatus, it becomes possible to continuously form a film without causing damage and deterioration of the substrate.

Abstract: To provide a filler-containing PTFE granular powder, which has a large apparent density, a small average particle size, a narrow particle size distribution, a superior powder flowability and a small electrostatic charge, and gives a molded product having a superior tensile strength and elongation, a lower surface roughness and a high whiteness, and a process for preparing the same. The granular powder is prepared by forming a PTFE powder and a filler into an aqueous slurry by using an organic liquid forming liquid-liquid interface with water and a nonionic surfactant having a hydrophobic segment and a hydrophilic segment, and then granulating in combination of stirring and deagglomerating.

Abstract: To provide a filler-containing PTFE granular powder for molding, which has a high apparent density, a small electrostatic charge and excellent flowability and gives a molded article which is free from lowering of tensile strength and elongation and coloring attributable to a surfactant. Also a process for preparing the granular powder is provided. The granulation is carried out by wetting 100 parts by weight of a mixture of a PTFE powder and filler with 30 to 60 parts by weight of an aqueous solution containing an anionic surfactant in a concentration of not less than 10 times and less than 40 times the critical micelle concentration and then applying mechanical force to the mixture.

Abstract: A continuous plasma CVD apparatus, characterized in that frequency of high-frequency bias is in the range of 50-900 KHz, a blocking condenser is provided between a thin film and a high-frequency source so that the product C·f of electrostatic capacity C of the blocking condenser and frequency f of the high-frequency source is 0.02 [F·Hz] or more, and the total of impedances of all the rollers provided in the route of from a substrate unwind roller to a rotating drum is 10 k&OHgr; or more and the total of impedances of all the rollers provided in the route of from the rotating drum to a wind roller is 10 k&OHgr; or more. According to this apparatus, it becomes possible to continuously form a film without causing damage and deterioration of the substrate.

Abstract: To provide a modified PTFE granular powder which has a large apparent density, a small average particle size, a narrow particle size distribution, an electrostatic charge substantially approximate to zero, a small angle of repose and being excellent in powder characteristics, particularly particle stability. The modified PTFE powder is granulated with stirring in water under coexistence of an organic liquid which forms liquid-liquid interface with water and a nonionic surfactant of segmented polyalkylene glycols which has a hydrophobic segment and a hydrophilic segment. A molded article obtained from the granular powder is excellent in tensile strength and elongation and has a small surface roughness, a large break down voltage and a large whiteness (Z value).

Abstract: To provide a filler-containing PTFE granular powder for molding, which has a high apparent density, a small electrostatic charge and excellent flowability and gives a molded article which is free from lowering of tensile strength and elongation and coloring attributable to a surfactant. Also a process for preparing the granular powder is provided. The granulation is carried out by wetting 100 parts by weight of a mixture of a PTFE powder and filler with 30 to 60 parts by weight of an aqueous solution containing an anionic surfactant in a concentration of not less than 10 times and less than 40 times the critical micelle concentration and then applying mechanical force to the mixture.

Abstract: Filler-containing polytetrafluoroethylene granular powder, which has a large apparent density, a small average particle size and a sharp particle size distribution and a superior powder flowability, and gives a molded product having a superior tensile strength, elongation and surface roughness, and a process for preparing the same. The granular powder is prepared by granulation of a mixture of a PTFE powder and a filler in water with stirring in the presence of an organic liquid forming liquid-liquid interface with water and a nonionic surfactant.

Abstract: A preparation process in which PTFE coarse particles are finely pulverized into particles in wet state, thus enabling the finely pulverized particles to be washed as they are and an amount of impurities to be decreased efficiently and after the washing, agglomeration granulation is carried out, thus enabling PTFE molding powder to be obtained in the reduced number of steps; a preparation process of a polytetrafluoroethylene molding powder, characterized in that polytetrafluoroethylene coarse particles obtained by suspension polymerization of tetrafluoroethylene are finely pulverized, in wet state, into an average particle size particularly in a range of 10 to 100 .mu.m and then washed; and a preparation process of a polytetrafluoroethylene molding powder, characterized in that after the washing, mechanical force is applied to the washed powder in wet state for agglomeration granulation, thus giving particles having an average particle size in a range of 200 to 800 .mu.m.

Abstract: A continuous plasma CVD apparatus, characterized in that frequency of high-frequency bias is in the range of 50-900 KHz, a blocking condenser is provided between a thin film and a high-frequency source so that the product C.multidot.f of electrostatic capacity C of the blocking condenser and frequency f of the high-frequency source is 0.02 [F.multidot.Hz] or more, and the total of impedances of all the rollers provided in the route of from a substrate unwind roller to a rotating drum is 10 k.OMEGA. or more and the total of impedances of all the rollers provided in the route of from the rotating drum to a wind roller is 10 k.OMEGA. or more. According to this apparatus, it becomes possible to continuously form a film without causing damage and deterioration of the substrate.

Abstract: Filler-containing polytetrafluoroethylene granular powder, which has a large apparent density, a small average particle size and a narrow particle size distribution and a superior powder flowability, and gives a molded product having a superior tensile strength, elongation and surface roughness, and a process for preparing the same. The granular powder is granulated by mixing, in water, of a PTFE powder and a filler in the state of slurry in the presence of a surfactant and stirring in the presence of an organic liquid forming liquid-liquid interface with water.

Abstract: To provide a process capable of preparing a modified PTFE granular powder, in which the ganular powder having excellent handling property, i.e. powder flowability and apparent density is prepared without using a finely pulverized powder and a molded article obtained from the granular powder has excellent physical properties, and a process capable of preparing a modified PTFE granular powder, in which the ganular powder is granulated with only water without using an organic liquid and further a molded article having a break down voltage equal to that in the case of using a finely pulverized powder of unmodified PTFE can be obtained. The granulation is carried out by stirring, in an aqueous medium, a powder of perfluoro(vinyl ether)-modified polytetrafluoroethylene prepared by suspension polymerization and having an average particle size of 100 to 300 .mu.m.

Abstract: To provide a polytetrafluoroethylene granular powder for molding and a process for preparing the granular powder, in which the granular powder contains only a small number of coarse particles, is obtained with good tumbling efficiency and further no organic liquid is required to be used.

Abstract: In a lighting control apparatus of a control panel in an automobile, a brightness reduction characteristic of a control panel lighting unit relative to a brightness signal of a brightness control unit is previously set according to external operation. The brightness control unit gives a brightness signal for controlling a luminosity of an instrument panel and a luminosity of a control panel which is provided near the instrument panel to a luminosity corresponding to an operation of a dimmer knob. When the brightness signal is given from the brightness control unit, the brightness of the control panel lighting unit is controlled according to a set brightness reduction characteristic relative to the brightness signal of the brightness control unit. Thereby, it is possible to make the luminosity of the control panel relative to the instrument panel a desired brightness characteristic.

Abstract: A packet communication processing method in a communication apparatus which performs communication with end apparatus for performing data link layer processing according to a data link protocol such as HDLC or similar protocol, in which method information frames (I frames) are received regardless of the rightness of a sending sequence number N(S) which is included in a control field (C field) in each of the received information so as to indicate the sequence of the I frames.

Abstract: In a network system having a plurality of LANs each connecting a plurality of terminals interconnected, a LAN interconnection switching unit for switching and relaying data receives data frames from LANs and sends out a call set-up frame including a call number assigned to a combination of source and destination terminal addresses and addresses of relaying interconnection switching units. The data received from LAN is segmented into packets, which are sent out together with the call number. The interconnection switching unit switches and relays data by using data frame error detection scheme in the LAN. Information for controlling a switching sequence is added to the data frame from the LAN to prevent the interruption by the packet having a different call number.

Abstract: A clock drive circuit device including clock drive circuits, each of which outputs a clock signal according to a predetermined logic function corresponding to the potential of condition signals, a circuit portion for executing the logic function which is composed of FETs, and has at least one FET for adjusting the FET configuration so that the number of FETs connected in series between a clock output terminal and a power source terminal as well as a ground terminal have predetermined values, respectively.