Abstract: A method for producing a carboxylic acid anhydride includes heating a composition containing a specific compound in a solvent to yield the carboxylic acid anhydride. The solvent is an aprotic polar solvent having a boiling point of 50° C. or more.

Abstract: Provided are an electrophotographic photosensitive member comprising: a support, an undercoat layer formed on the support, and a photosensitive layer formed on the undercoat layer, on which the undercoat layer contains one of a compound represented by the formula (1) and a polymer of a composition containing the compound represented by the formula (1).

Abstract: The present invention provides an electrophotographic photosensitive member that allows positive ghost to be reduced even in repeated use. The electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention is an electrophotographic photosensitive member wherein an undercoat layer contains a polymerization product of a composition including a compound represented by the following formula (1).

Abstract: In an electrophotographic photosensitive member, a first intermediate layer contains a polymerized product of a composition including an electron transporting substance having a polymerizable functional group, and a crosslinking agent, and a second intermediate layer contains a binder resin and a metal oxide particle.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electrophotographic photosensitive member including an undercoat layer containing metal oxide particles, a binder resin, and an organic acid metal salt having at least one metal element selected from the group consisting of bismuth, zinc, cobalt, iron, nickel, and copper.

Abstract: Provided is an electrophotographic photosensitive member including a support, an undercoat layer, and a photosensitive layer in this order, in which: the undercoat layer does not contain a metal oxide, or contains the metal oxide but the content of the metal oxide in the undercoat layer is 10 mass % or less; and the undercoat layer contains a polymerized product of a composition containing at least one kind of anthraquinone derivative selected from the group consisting of a compound represented by the formula (1) and a compound represented by the formula (2).

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a support, an undercoat layer formed on the support, and a photosensitive layer formed on the undercoat layer. The undercoat layer is an electron transporting layer and contains a metal salt of organic acid having at least one metal element selected from Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn.

Abstract: Provided is an electrophotographic photosensitive member including a laminated body, the laminated body including a support, an undercoat layer, and a charge generating layer, the undercoat layer including a polymerized product of a composition including an electron transport material represented by the following formula (1), a cross-linking agent, and a thermoplastic resin having a polymerizable functional group, the laminated body satisfying the following expressions (2) and (3). Z1—X—Z2??(1) 0.20?|Vd2?Vd1|?2.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member includes, in the following order, a support member, an undercoat layer adjacent to the support member, and a photosensitive layer adjacent to the undercoat layer. The undercoat layer contains a polymer produced by polymerizing a composition containing a crosslinking agent and a compound expressed by general formula (1).

Abstract: An undercoat layer of an electrophotographic photosensitive member contains a polymerized product of (cured material) a composition that contains a particular crosslinking agent, a particular resin, and a particular charge transporting substance.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electrophotographic photosensitive member including an undercoat layer containing metal oxide particles, a binder resin, and an organic acid metal salt having at least one metal element selected from the group consisting of bismuth, zinc, cobalt, iron, nickel, and copper.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member has a laminated body and a hole transporting layer formed on the laminated body, wherein the laminated body has a support, an electron transporting layer and a charge generating layer in this order, and satisfies the following expressions (2) and (4): |V12?V11|?0.35??(2) 0.10?|(Vd2?V13)/Vd2|0.20??(4).

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member has a laminated body, and a hole transporting layer formed on the laminated body, wherein the laminated body is a laminated body having a conductive support, an electron transporting layer and a charge generating layer. When an impedance is measured by forming a circular-shaped gold electrode having a thickness of 300 nm and a diameter of 10 mm on a surface of the charge generating layer of the laminated body by sputtering, and applying an alternating electric field of 100 mV and 0.1 Hz between the conductive support and the gold electrode, the laminated body of the electrophotographic photosensitive member satisfies the following expression (1): R_opt/R_dark?0.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a support, an undercoat layer formed on the support, and a photosensitive layer formed on the undercoat layer, in which the undercoat layer contains a polymerized product of a compound represented by the formula (1) or a polymerized product of a composition containing a compound represented by the formula (1).

Abstract: In an electrophotographic photosensitive member, a first intermediate layer contains a polymerized product of a composition including an electron transporting substance having a polymerizable functional group, and a crosslinking agent, and a second intermediate layer contains a binder resin and a metal oxide particle.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member has an undercoat layer containing a polymerized product of a composition including electron transporting substance having a polymerizable functional group and a crosslinking agent, and resin particles. The content of the electron transporting substance is 30% by mass or more and 70% by mass or less based on the total mass of the composition. Protrusions derived from the resin particles in the undercoat layer are formed at an interface between the undercoat layer and the charge generating layer.

Abstract: In an electrophotographic photosensitive member, an undercoat layer contains a polymerized product of a composition including an electron transporting substance having a polymerizable functional group, and a crosslinking agent, and a metal oxide particle, and a mass ratio of the electron transporting substance in the composition to the metal oxide particle is 0.5 or more.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member including a support, a first intermediate layer formed on the support, a second intermediate layer formed directly on the first intermediate layer, a charge generating layer formed directly on the second intermediate layer, and a hole transporting layer formed on the charge generating layer, wherein the first intermediate layer contains a binder resin and a titanium oxide particle, and the second intermediate layer contains a polymerized product of a composition including an electron transporting substance having a polymerizable functional group and a crosslinking agent.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member has a laminated body, and a hole transporting layer formed on the laminated body, wherein the laminated body is a laminated body having a conductive support, an electron transporting layer and a charge generating layer. When an impedance is measured by forming a circular-shaped gold electrode having a thickness of 300 nm and a diameter of 10 mm on a surface of the charge generating layer of the laminated body by sputtering, and applying an alternating electric field of 100 mV and 0.1 Hz between the conductive support and the gold electrode, the laminated body of the electrophotographic photosensitive member satisfies the following expression (1): R_opt/R_dark?0.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member has a laminated body and a hole transporting layer formed on the laminated body, wherein the laminated body has a support, an electron transporting layer and a charge generating layer in this order, and satisfies the following expressions (2) and (4): |Vl2?Vl1|?0.35??(2) 0.10?|(Vd2?Vl3)/Vd2|?0.20??(4).