Abstract: An electrical resistor comprises a matrix composed of borosilicate containing at least one kind of alkali group atoms selected from the group consisting of Na, Mg, K, Ca, Li, Be, Rb, Sr, Cs, Ba, Fr, and Ra. The electrical resistor preferably has an electroconductive filler. A honeycomb structure comprises the electrical resistor. An electrically heated catalyst device comprises the honeycomb structure. The electrical resistor preferably has an electrical resistivity in a range from 0.0001 to 1 ?·m and an electrical resistance increase rate in a range from 0.01×10?6 to 5.0×10?4/K in a temperature range from 25° C. to 500° C.

Abstract: A supercooling release material, which releases a supercooled state of a cold storage material including one or more types of alkylammonium halide aqueous solutions that generate a hydrate by being cooled to a hydrate generation temperature or lower, includes: an alkylammonium ion included in the cold storage material; and a metal halide ion which has, as a constituent element, a halogen element included in the cold storage material. The supercooled state of the cold storage material can be reliably released by using the supercooling release material having such a configuration.

Abstract: A supercooling release material, which releases a supercooled state of a cold storage material including one or more types of alkylammonium halide aqueous solutions that generate a hydrate by being cooled to a hydrate generation temperature or lower, includes: an alkylammonium ion included in the cold storage material; and a metal halide ion which has, as a constituent element, a halogen element included in the cold storage material. The supercooled state of the cold storage material can be reliably released by using the supercooling release material having such a configuration.

Abstract: An asymmetric membrane contains a porous layer and a dense layer adjacent thereto. The porous layer and the dense layer are formed of a polymeric material. The porous layer and/or dense layer contains a filler. The amount of the filler is 11 parts by mass or more per 100 parts by mass of the polymeric material contained in the asymmetric membrane.

Abstract: An air filter device includes a permeation film arranged at a boundary portion between an outside air passage and an inside air passage, such that one side surface of the permeation film is exposed to outside air in the outside air passage and the other side surface of the permeation film is exposed to inside air in the inside air passage. The permeation film is configured such that specific gas passes through the permeation film between the outside air passage and the inside air passage. Furthermore, a turbulent flow generation portion is provided to generate a turbulent flow in at least one of the outside air flowing through near the one side surface of the permeation film and the inside air flowing through near the other side surface of the permeation film.

Abstract: Disclosed is an asymmetric membrane having a porous layer and a dense layer adjacent to the porous layer. The porous layer and the dense layer are made of a polymer material. The porous layer and/or the dense layer contains a filler.