Abstract: Nanoclusters are produced in a gas phase using a nanocluster manufacturing section including: a vacuum container; a sputtering source that has a target as a cathode, performs magnetron sputtering by pulse discharge, and generates plasma; a pulse power source that supplies pulsed power to the sputtering source; a first inert gas supply section that supplies a first inert gas to the sputtering source; a nanocluster growth cell that is contained in the vacuum container; and a second inert gas introduction section that introduces a second inert gas into the nanocluster growth cell. A multitude of supports are rolled in the gas phase and each of the supports is sprinkled with a multitude of nanoclusters to cause each support to support the multitude of nanoclusters.

Abstract: A method can include, using a downhole tool, acquiring ultrasonic echo data of a borehole, where the ultrasonic echo data include echoes representative of material and borehole geometry responsive to reflection of ultrasonic energy that has a wide-band frequency range; filtering the ultrasonic echo data using at least one selected filter for multi-band frequency filtering corresponding to different frequency ranges of the wide-band frequency range to generate filtered data; and processing the filtered data to generate attribute values representative of physical characteristics the material, the borehole geometry, or the material and the borehole geometry.