Abstract: A single microchannel is combined with external electromagnets for performing a fast immunoassay within a very small volume. Magnetic/luminescent nanoparticles serve as carriers for the antibodies and as internal luminescent standard. The immunoreaction is accelerated by applying alternating magnetic field by means of the external electromagnets, thus inducing oscillation of the particles and achieving better diffusion during the incubation steps. Using the electromagnets the particles are held into the channel for washing and luminescence detection steps. The luminescence of the particles serves as an internal calibration for the assay and helps to avoid experimental error from particle loss.

Abstract: Fluorescent or phosphorescent nanoparticles, fluorescent or phosphorescent magnetic nanoparticles, combustion-based methods for their synthesis, and methods to functionalize them are described. The methods provided by the invention are simplified, efficient and cost effective as compared to prior art methods. The resulting fluorescent or phosphorescent nanoparticles have reduced tendency toward aggregation, and diminished need for postmanufacturing processing steps. The particles may be manufactured with combinations of lanthanides so as to absorb and emit light over a variety of wavelengths.