Abstract: The invention provides a solid state reference electrode comprising a reference element embedded in an electrochemically active composite, the electrochemically active composite comprising a polymeric matrix loaded with a solid inorganic salt, wherein the polymeric matrix comprises a cross-linked vinyl polymer of a vinyl monomer containing a heteroatom.

Abstract: An apparatus system and method are provided for use in acquiring data from fluid within a region of material in a heap leaching application. The apparatus includes one or more sensor strings provided in a region of material to be analysed. Each sensor string includes a data cable and two or more solid-state sensors positioned along the length of the data cable. The sensors are adapted to periodically acquire sensor data relating to chemical properties of the fluid surrounding the sensor over a predetermined period of time and to transmit the sensor data via the data cable to one or more hubs.

Abstract: The invention provides a solid state reference electrode comprising a reference element embedded in an electrochemically active composite, the electrochemically active composite comprising a polymeric matrix loaded with a solid inorganic salt, wherein the polymeric matrix comprises a cross-linked vinyl polymer of a vinyl monomer containing a heteroatom.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a system for remote groundwater monitoring. The system includes one or more sensor modules configured for distribution in one or more groundwater monitoring wells. Each sensor module is adapted to acquire multi-parameter sensor data from each groundwater monitoring well. The multi-parameter sensor data includes electrochemical property data and electrical property data of groundwater in each groundwater monitoring well. One or more hubs are coupled to the one or more sensor modules for retrieving the multi-parameter sensor data and wirelessly communicating with an online server to upload the multi-parameter sensor data to the online server.

Abstract: A pH sensor comprising a metal oxide-polymer composite, comprising: a continuous polymer resin matrix; and a solid particulate, component dispersed in the polymer resin matrix comprising (i) metal oxides and (ii) a particulate carbon-based conductor wherein the metal oxides comprise Ta2O5 and RuO2 in a weight ratio of Ta2O5:RuO2 (on the basis of weight of metal component) in the range of from 90:10 to 10:90.

Abstract: A pH sensor comprising a metal oxide-polymer composite, comprising: a continuous polymer resin matrix;, and a solid particulate, component dispersed in the polymer resin matrix comprising (i) metal oxides and (ii) a particulate carbon-based conductor wherein the metal oxides comprise Ta2O5 and RuO2 in a weight ratio of Ta2O5: RuO2 (on the basis of weight of metal component) in the range of from 90:10 to 10:90.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for cleaning water or an aqueous flow electrochemically by flotating impurities contained in water for collecting the impurities from a surface of the water. The method includes conveying the water flow to be cleaned through at least one particle bed which behaves bipolarically under electric voltage, which bed is formed of an anode and a cathode and metal particles arranged between the anode and the cathode; leading a changing direct current to the particle bed to maintain electrochemical reactions on anodic regions and cathodic regions of the particles; and dissolving metal of the particles electrochemically to water to split water to micro bubbled hydrogen gas H2 for the flotation and to hydroxide ions OH— for increasing pH of water. The invention relates also to an apparatus for cleaning water or an aqueous flow electrochemically.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method in the wet end of a web forming process. In the method, at least one electrode pair (102, 103) is placed in the wet end. The electrode pair (102, 103) is supplied with a current/voltage from a power source (100), so that an electric field is set up between the electrode pair (102, 103), causing the material particles in the pulp suspension in the wet end to be electrically charged in a desired manner and to move in a desired manner in the pulp suspension in the wet end. The current/voltage of the power source (100) is controlled by means of a measuring and control unit (101) so as to cause the material particles in the pulp suspension to be electrically charged and to move in a desired manner, thus allowing the retention, formation and orientation of the material particles in the pulp suspension to be substantially improved.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method in the wet end of a web forming process. In the method, at least one electrode pair (102, 103) is placed in the wet end. The electrode pair (102, 103) is supplied with a current/voltage from a power source (100), so that an electric field is set up between the electrode pair (102, 103), causing the material particles in the pulp suspension in the wet end to be electrically charged in a desired manner and to move in a desired manner in the pulp suspension in the wet end. The current/voltage of the power source (100) is controlled by means of a measuring and control unit (101) so as to cause the material particles in the pulp suspension to be electrically charged and to move in a desired manner, thus allowing the retention, formation and orientation of the material particles in the pulp suspension to be substantially improved.