Abstract: A method for cleaning membrane is provided. The method includes, providing a membrane, introducing a thermo-sensitive ionic liquid to contact the membrane and perform a cleaning procedure to collect a cleaning solution, and layering the cleaning solution to form an aqueous layer and an ionic liquid layer at a specific temperature.

Abstract: An ionic liquid and a forward osmosis process employing the same are provided. The ionic liquid has a structure represented by Formula (I) ABn??Formula (I), wherein A is n is 1 or 2; m is 0, or an integer from 1 to 7; R1 and R2 are independently methyl or ethyl; k is an integer from 3 to 8; B is i is independently 1, 2, or 3; and j is 5, 6, or 7. The forward osmosis process employing the ionic liquid is used to desalinate a brine via a forward osmosis (FO) model.

Abstract: A forward osmosis membrane having a high chemical resistance includes a backing layer, a selective layer, and a hydrophilic support layer sandwiched between the backing layer and the selective layer. The hydrophilic support layer includes a plurality of nanostructures, each of which includes a carbon nanotube and a hydrophilic film coated around the carbon nanotube, and has an outer layer defined by the hydrophilic films of the nanostructures to prevent the selective layer from penetrating into the hydrophilic support layer.

Abstract: A forward osmosis membrane having a high chemical resistance includes a backing layer, a selective layer, and a hydrophilic support layer sandwiched between the backing layer and the selective layer. The hydrophilic support layer includes a plurality of nanostructures, each of which includes a carbon nanotube and a hydrophilic film coated around the carbon nanotube, and has an outer layer defined by the hydrophilic films of the nanostructures to prevent the selective layer from penetrating into the hydrophilic support layer.

Abstract: A method for cleaning membrane is provided. The method includes, providing a membrane, introducing a thermo-sensitive ionic liquid to contact the membrane and perform a cleaning procedure to collect a cleaning solution, and layering the cleaning solution to form an aqueous layer and an ionic liquid layer at a specific temperature.

Abstract: An ionic liquid and a forward osmosis process employing the same are provided. The ionic liquid has a structure represented by Formula (I) ABn ??Formula (I) , wherein A is n is 1 or 2; m is 0, or an integer from 1 to 7; R1 and R2 are independently methyl or ethyl; k is an integer from 3 to 8; B is i is independently 1, 2, or 3; and j is 5, 6, or 7. The forward osmosis process employing the ionic liquid is used to desalinate a brine via a forward osmosis (FO) model.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a valuable metal selectively adsorbing electrode, including: an electrode formed by a carbon-containing material; and a protein of a bacterium of genus Tepidimonas immobilized on the electrode formed by a carbon-containing material to form the valuable metal selectively adsorbing electrode, wherein the valuable metal includes gold, palladium, silver or indium.

Abstract: A method for electrochemically selectively removing ions using a composite electrode is provided. The composite electrode includes a composite having a carbon support and an inorganic material immobilized on the carbon support.

Abstract: A binder for capacitive deionization electrode is provided, which is formed by reacting a polyether polyol, a diisocyanate, and a diol having a hydrophobic side chain. The binder may bind an electrode material and to form a capacitive deionization electrode. The electrode material and the binder may have a weight ratio of 90:5 to 90:25.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a composite material is provided. First, graphene oxide and activated carbon are provided individually. Graphene oxide and activated carbon are added into an alcohol to form a mixture. Then, the mixture is heated by microwave in a single step, so that graphene oxide is chemically reduced to form graphene at the active sites of the surface of the activated carbon uniformly, thereby forming a composite material. The embodied composite material is suitable for being the electrodes of the capacitive deionization (CDI) and supercapacitor application.

Abstract: A forward osmosis process is provided, which includes separating a feed part and a draw solution part by a semi-permeable film. An ionic liquid is introduced into the draw solution part, and brine is introduced into the feed part. The brine has an osmotic pressure lower than that of the ionic liquid, so that pure water of the brine permeates through the semi-permeable film, enters the draw solution part, and mixes with the ionic liquid to form a draw solution. The draw solution was obtained out of the draw solution part to be left to stand at room temperature, so that the draw solution separated into a water layer and an ionic liquid layer.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a valuable metal selectively adsorbing electrode, including: an electrode formed by a carbon-containing material; and a protein of a bacterium of genus Tepidimonas immobilized on the electrode formed by a carbon-containing material to form the valuable metal selectively adsorbing electrode, wherein the valuable metal includes gold, palladium, silver or indium.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a porous fluorine-containing polymer membrane is provided, which includes mixing a fluorine-containing polymer, a pore creating agent, and a solvent to form a mixture; forming a membrane of the mixture, and removing the pore creating agent and the solvent in the membrane to form the porous fluorine-containing polymer film. The pore creating agent has a chemical formula of wherein R1 is a C1-8 alkyl group, a C2-8 alkenyl group, a C2-8 alkynyl group, or a C6-12 aromatic group, and A? is hydrogen sulfite ion, dihydrogen phosphate ion, nitrate ion, halogen ion, or a combination thereof.

Abstract: A composite is provided, the composite comprises a carbon support, and a layered double hydroxide (LDH) immobilized on the carbon support for selectively removing phosphorus. An electrode for electrochemical removal of phosphorus, and methods and apparatuses for electrochemical purification by utilizing the electrode are also provided.

Abstract: A forward osmosis process is provided, which includes separating a feed part and a draw solution part by a semi-permeable film. An ionic liquid is introduced into the draw solution part, and brine is introduced into the feed part. The brine has an osmotic pressure lower than that of the ionic liquid, so that pure water of the brine permeates through the semi-permeable film, enters the draw solution part, and mixes with the ionic liquid to form a draw solution. The draw solution was obtained out of the draw solution part to be left to stand at room temperature, so that the draw solution separated into a water layer and an ionic liquid layer.

Abstract: A binder for capacitive deionization electrode is provided, which is formed by reacting a polyether polyol, a diisocyanate, and a diol having a hydrophobic side chain. The binder may bind an electrode material and to form a capacitive deionization electrode. The electrode material and the binder may have a weight ratio of 90:5 to 90:25.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a porous fluorine-containing polymer membrane is provided, which includes mixing a fluorine-containing polymer, a pore creating agent, and a solvent to form a mixture; forming a membrane of the mixture, and removing the pore creating agent and the solvent in the membrane to form the porous fluorine-containing polymer film. The pore creating agent has a chemical formula of wherein R1 is a C1-8 alkyl group, a C2-8 alkenyl group, a C2-8 alkynyl group, or a C6-12 aromatic group, and A? is hydrogen sulfite ion, dihydrogen phosphate ion, nitrate ion, halogen ion, or a combination thereof.

Abstract: A method for electrochemically selectively removing ions using a composite electrode is provided. The composite electrode includes a composite having a carbon support and an inorganic material immobilized on the carbon support.

Abstract: A composite is provided, the composite comprises a carbon support, and a layered double hydroxide (LDH) immobilized on the carbon support for selectively removing phosphorus. An electrode for electrochemical removal of phosphorus, and methods and apparatuses for electrochemical purification by utilizing the electrode are also provided.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a sheet or a fabric with crystalline TiO2 nano-particles includes providing a polymer material as a support, and then synthesizing the crystalline TiO2 nano-particles with immobilizing them on a surface of the support, followed by forming the fabric or the sheet. The fabric is a textile or a nonwoven fabric. A type of the support is a fiber or a sheet type. The synthesizing of the crystalline TiO2 nano-particles is performed by occurring a sol-gel reaction under a microwave irradiation, wherein a TiO2 precursor, water, an alcohol, and an ionic liquid applied in the sol-gel reaction during the synthesizing.