Abstract: An early renegotiation method and apparatus are capable of quickly changing a communication state in changing a charging condition or charging environment, which can occur while performing a message exchange or a charging process between an electric vehicle and a grid. A method by which the electric vehicle performs early renegotiation in a message sequence between the electric vehicle and the grid includes steps of: receiving a service detail response message from a power supply device communication controller; searching for parameters that are compatible for direct current charging or alternating current charging; state-changing a service detail state into a vehicle positioning setup state for vehicle positioning by using automatic connection device or wireless power transmission, if compatible parameters cannot be found; and transmitting a vehicle positioning setup request message to the power supply device communication controller in the vehicle positioning setup state.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method and device for installing a certificate on the basis of encryption and decryption of a contract certificate private key for an electric vehicle communication controller.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for allowing an EV user outside the EV to change a target power transfer amount in a charging station including: allowing an access of an EV user through a path not passing the EV; receiving a change request for changing the target power transfer amount from the EV user through the path; transmitting, to the EV, a predetermined message including a new energy request included in the change request; receiving, from the EV, a parameter setting message designating the new energy request as a new target power transfer amount; and allowing a power transfer to be performed according to the new target power transfer amount.

Abstract: According to at least one aspect, the present disclosure provides a head-up display (HUD) configured to display information on a windshield of a vehicle, comprising: a sensing unit configured to detect positions of a driver’s eyes; a picture generation unit (PGU) configured to separate and output a plurality of images; a controller configured to select, from the plurality of images, two images to be output by the PGU based on the detected positions of the driver’s eyes and control the PGU to output the selected two images alternately; and a reflection unit configured to reflect the two images output by the PGU.

Abstract: According to at least one aspect, the present disclosure provides a head-up display (HUD) configured to display information on a windshield of a vehicle, comprising: a picture generation unit (PGU) configured to individually output a first image for a driver’s left eye and a second image for a driver’s right eye; a reflection unit configured to reflect, toward the windshield, the first and second images output from the PGU; and a controller configured to control the PGU to output the first and second images alternately.

Abstract: A charging control method, performed by an electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE), is provided. The method includes performing a charging session initiation procedure with an EV and calculating a session script hash associated with a charging session. A session access request is received from a user device and confirmed. Based on a result of the confirmation, session authentication is requested to the user device and a session script authentication value is received as a result of the session authentication from the user device. The method also includes determining whether to allow a user access to the charging session according to the session script authentication value.

Abstract: A holographic head-up display (HUD) including: a picture generation unit (PGU) including at least one laser light source to generate an optical image to be projected on a HUD; a first mirror to reflect the optical image from the PGU; a second mirror to reflect the optical image reflected by the first mirror; and a holographic optical element (HOE) to diffract the optical image reflected by the second mirror at a first diffraction angle to provide an output optical image in a target direction. The first mirror includes a reflective compensatory HOE to diffract the optical image from the PGU at a second diffraction angle, and in response to change of a wavelength of the optical image from the PGU, the reflective compensatory HOE is configured to diffract the optical image from the PGU at a third diffraction angle different from the second diffraction angle such that the HOE provides the output optical image in the target direction.

Abstract: A picture generation unit (PGU) used in a head-up display (HUD) includes a printed circuit board (PCB) having a plurality of light sources, a display unit disposed in front of the plurality of light sources and configured to form an image to be provided to the HUD, and a housing disposed between the PCB and the display unit and including an internal reflective structure configured to guide optical beams from the plurality of light sources to the display unit and to homogenize a light intensity of the optical beams incident on the display unit, wherein the internal reflective structure includes a plurality of first funnels respectively disposed of corresponding to the plurality of light sources, and a second funnel disposed of as a singular funnel in front of the first funnels in a form encompassing the plurality of first funnels.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method for supporting installation of a contract certificate by a charging service providing device. As an example, the present disclosure may comprise the steps of: generating a first contract certificate for a first electric vehicle (EV); and transmitting the first contract certificate to a first external charging service providing device (CSP) with which a roaming contract has been made, so as to enable the first contract certificate to be installed in the first EV via the first external CSP in a roaming situation.

Abstract: Provided is a bootstrap method for registering a charging station (CS), which was in an offline state, to an electric vehicle charging station management system (CSMS) and operating same. The bootstrap method comprises the steps of: storing at least partial bootstrap information in a CS so as to configure bootstrap information; connecting the CS to a CSMS by setting a security channel between the CS and the CSMS for maintaining registration information about the CS; and registering the CS to the CSMS.

Abstract: Disclosed is a pairing control method performed by a supply equipment communication controller (SECC) that controls power supply to an electrical vehicle. The pairing control method according to the present invention may comprise the steps of: performing a charging session start procedure with an electrical vehicle (EV); exchanging one or more pairing messages with the electrical vehicle; generating information on one or more alternative SECCs when pairing with the electrical vehicle fails; and transmitting a pairing response message including information on the one or more alternative SECCs to the electrical vehicle.

Abstract: A method for controlling wireless power transfer (WPT), performed by an electric vehicle (EV) device receiving power from a supply device is provided. The method includes checking service details regarding at least one method for fine positioning and pairing between the supply device and the EV device and selecting a service. Fine positioning is performed with the supply device according to a pairing method associated with the selected service. Additionally, LF pairing is performed based on the selected service; an initial alignment check is performed using pre-charging power transmission; and LPE pairing is performed based on the selected service and a result of the initial alignment check.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electric vehicle (EV) user authorization method for charging an EV, the method performed by a device for mediating EV user authorization, in association with a mobility operator (MO) who makes a contract with an EV user and provides a charging service to a corresponding EV and a charge point operator (CPO) who supplies electric power to the EV which requests charging. The EV user authorization method may comprise the steps of: receiving association information between the EV and a charging service account from the mobility operator; storing the association information between the EV and the charging service account; receiving an association information identification request for an EV to be charged, from the charge point operator; and providing association information between the EV to be charged and the charging service account to the charge point operator.

Abstract: An operating method of a wireless communication apparatus including a plurality of antennas and receiving a data signal through a downlink channel from a base station includes: calculating a plurality of estimated energy efficiencies under a plurality of reception conditions of the wireless communication apparatus in accordance with prior information regarding a number of transmission ranks and a number of receiving antennas to be used for receiving the data signal; and generating channel state information by using the calculated estimated energy efficiencies and determining the number of receiving antennas.

Abstract: A cross-certificate method is performed by an electric vehicle (EV) for being supplied with power from electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE) associated with a charging point operator (CPO) having established a trust relationship with a first vehicle to grid (V2G) root certificate authority (rootCA) and a second V2G root certificate authority. The cross-certificate method may include steps of: requesting charging from the electric vehicle supply equipment; receiving, from the electric vehicle supply equipment, a certificate chain held by the electric vehicle supply equipment; and verifying whether or not a last certificate of the certificate chain has been signed by the second V2G root certificate authority, wherein the last certificate of the certificate chain can be a cross-certificate issued by the second V2G root certificate authority.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are configured to automatically authenticate an electric vehicle (EV) charging user based on blockchain. A vehicle-to-grid (V2G) operator generates a smart contract for a specific EV or an EV user on a blockchain, and a mobility operator (MO) or a charge point operator acquire an access control authority to the blockchain. The EV user provides an authentication identifier to the MO. The MO generates an account identifier based on the authentication identifier, generates a contract on the blockchain based on the authentication identifier, the account identifier, an expiration date of the account identifier, and the activity status of the account identifier, and transmits contract information including the account identifier corresponding to the authentication identifier, the expiration date of the account identifier, and the activity status of the account identifier to the EV user.

Abstract: A picture generation unit (PGU) used in a head-up display (HUD) includes a printed circuit board (PCB) having a plurality of light sources, a display unit disposed in front of the plurality of light sources and configured to form an image to be provided to the HUD, and a housing disposed between the PCB and the display unit and including an internal reflective structure configured to guide optical beams from the plurality of light sources to the display unit and to homogenize a light intensity of the optical beams incident on the display unit, wherein the internal reflective structure includes a plurality of first funnels respectively disposed of corresponding to the plurality of light sources, and a second funnel disposed of as a singular funnel in front of the first funnels in a form encompassing the plurality of first funnels.

Abstract: A holographic head-up display (HUD) including: a picture generation unit (PGU) including at least one laser light source to generate an optical image to be projected on a HUD; a first mirror to reflect the optical image from the PGU; a second mirror to reflect the optical image reflected by the first mirror; and a holographic optical element (HOE) to diffract the optical image reflected by the second mirror at a first diffraction angle to provide an output optical image in a target direction. The first mirror includes a reflective compensatory HOE to diffract the optical image from the PGU at a second diffraction angle, and in response to change of a wavelength of the optical image from the PGU, the reflective compensatory HOE is configured to diffract the optical image from the PGU at a third diffraction angle different from the second diffraction angle such that the HOE provides the output optical image in the target direction.

Abstract: A method for controlling wireless power transfer (WPT), performed by an electric vehicle (EV) device receiving power from a supply device is provided. The method includes checking service details regarding at least one method for fine positioning and pairing between the supply device and the EV device and selecting a service. Fine positioning is performed with the supply device according to a pairing method associated with the selected service. Additionally, LF pairing is performed based on the selected service; an initial alignment check is performed using pre-charging power transmission; and LPE pairing is performed based on the selected service and a result of the initial alignment check.

Abstract: A method for controlling wireless power transfer (WPT), performed by an electric vehicle (EV) device receiving power from a supply device is provided. The method includes checking service details regarding at least one method for fine positioning and pairing between the supply device and the EV device and selecting a service. Fine positioning is performed with the supply device according to a pairing method associated with the selected service. Additionally, LF pairing is performed based on the selected service; an initial alignment check is performed using pre-charging power transmission; and LPE pairing is performed based on the selected service and a result of the initial alignment check.