Abstract: The present disclosure relates to the technical field of fiber-optic gas sensing and laser photoacoustic spectroscopy, and reliability of a gas detection system is improved by actively selecting a working frequency of low noise interference combined with an optical fiber photoacoustic sensing probe capable of isolating high-frequency noise. A gas enters a photoacoustic microcavity through gaps on a sound-sensitive diaphragm after diffusing into a miniature air chamber through a plurality of micropores. Photoacoustic excitation light is incident into the photoacoustic microcavity through a fiber-optic collimator and then excited to generate a photoacoustic pressure wave to cause the sound-sensitive diaphragm to vibrate periodically. An end face of a single-mode optical fiber and the sound-sensitive diaphragm constitutes a fiber-optic Fabry-Perot interferometer. The interferometer measures a deflection of the diaphragm and inverts a concentration of the to-be-measured gas.

Abstract: Various systems and methods for controlling a maximum current threshold of a battery system within a vehicle are presented. The systems may include a battery module, one or more vehicle systems, a battery management system having a battery monitoring unit that monitors a current parameter, and a battery control system that receives the current parameter from the battery monitoring unit. The battery control system may be configured to identify a current event for the battery module, determine a duration of the current event, compare the duration of the current event to a plurality of time thresholds, determine the current parameter based on the duration of the current event, determine a maximum current parameter based on the duration of the current event and the current parameter, and control the one or more vehicle systems such that a current of the one or more batteries does not exceed the maximum current parameter.

Abstract: Provided herein are systems and methods of regulating vehicle powertrains in electric vehicles using driving patterns. A vehicle control unit (VCU) can be disposed in the electric vehicle. The VCU can maintain operation profiles. Each operation profile can specify a set of regulation parameters to be applied to the vehicle powertrain for motion measurement and an engine measurement identified as associated with an environmental condition. The VCU can compare the motion measurement and the engine measurement acquired from the sensor with the motion measurement and the engine measurement specified by an operation profile. The VCU can select an operation profile based on the comparison. The VCU can identify the set of regulation parameters for an environmental condition specified by the operation profile. The VCU can apply the set of regulation parameters to the vehicle powertrain to control the propulsion of the electric vehicle in accordance with the operation profile.

Abstract: Fuzzy-logic based traction control for electric vehicles is provided. The system detects a wheel slip ratio for each wheel. The system receives an input torque command. The system determines a slip error for each wheel based on the wheel slip ratio for each wheel and a target wheel slip ratio. The system, using the fuzzy-logic based control selection technique, selects a traction control technique from one of a least-quadratic-regulator, a sliding mode controller, a loop-shaping based controller, or a model predictive controller. The system generates a compensation torque value for each wheel. The system generates the compensation torque value based on the traction control technique selected via the fuzzy-logic based control selection technique and the slip error for each wheel. The system transmits commands to actuate drive units of the vehicles based on the compensation torque value.

Abstract: Fuzzy-logic based traction control for electric vehicles is provided. The system detects a wheel slip ratio for each wheel. The system receives an input torque command. The system determines a slip error for each wheel based on the wheel slip ratio for each wheel and a target wheel slip ratio. The system, using the fuzzy-logic based control selection technique, selects a traction control technique from one of a least-quadratic-regulator, a sliding mode controller, a loop-shaping based controller, or a model predictive controller. The system generates a compensation torque value for each wheel. The system generates the compensation torque value based on the traction control technique selected via the fuzzy-logic based control selection technique and the slip error for each wheel. The system transmits commands to actuate drive units of the vehicles based on the compensation torque value.

Abstract: Fuzzy logic based and machine learning enhanced vehicle dynamics determination is provided. A system can identify a previous longitudinal velocity and receive data from an inertia measurement unit. The system can determine a roll angle and a pitch angle. The system can determine a lateral acceleration and a longitudinal acceleration. The system can receive wheel speed sensor data, tire pressure sensor data, and steering angle sensor data, and use the data to determine a longitudinal velocity. The system can select one of a reduced-order non-linear Luenberger observer technique or a reduced-order Kalman filter technique. The system can determine a lateral velocity and a sideslip angle. The system can provide the lateral velocity and the sideslip angle to a vehicle controller.

Abstract: Provided herein are systems and methods of regulating vehicle powertrains in electric vehicles using driving patterns. A vehicle control unit (VCU) can be disposed in the electric vehicle. The VCU can maintain operation profiles. Each operation profile can specify a set of regulation parameters to be applied to the vehicle powertrain for motion measurement and an engine measurement identified as associated with an environmental condition. The VCU can compare the motion measurement and the engine measurement acquired from the sensor with the motion measurement and the engine measurement specified by an operation profile. The VCU can select an operation profile based on the comparison. The VCU can identify the set of regulation parameters for an environmental condition specified by the operation profile. The VCU can apply the set of regulation parameters to the vehicle powertrain to control the propulsion of the electric vehicle in accordance with the operation profile.

Abstract: Provided herein are systems and methods for allocating power distribution in hybrid vehicle drivetrains. An engine instrumentation unit can acquire engine measurements on a hybrid drivetrain of a vehicle. The engine measurements can include a fuel use measurement of a combustion engine and a battery use measurement of an electric motor. A vehicle control unit can maintain a power distribution profile. Each power distribution profile can define a power allocation to the combustion engine and a power allocation to the electric motor specified for engine measurements as associated with an environmental condition. The vehicle control unit can compare the engine measurements. The vehicle control unit can select a power distribution profile based on the comparison. The vehicle control unit can set a power splitter to transfer of the mechanical power from the combustion engine and the electric motor to a differential unit in accordance with the power distribution profile.

Abstract: Various systems and methods for controlling a maximum current threshold of a battery system within a vehicle are presented. The systems may include a battery module, one or more vehicle systems, a battery management system having a battery monitoring unit that monitors a current parameter, and a battery control system that receives the current parameter from the battery monitoring unit. The battery control system may be configured to identify a current event for the battery module, determine a duration of the current event, compare the duration of the current event to a plurality of time thresholds, determine the current parameter based on the duration of the current event, determine a maximum current parameter based on the duration of the current event and the current parameter, and control the one or more vehicle systems such that a current of the one or more batteries does not exceed the maximum current parameter.

Abstract: Various arrangements for determining the state of health (SOH) of a battery of an electric vehicle are presented. A first OCV of the battery of the electric vehicle may be determined. Coulomb counting on the battery of the electric vehicle may be performed to determine an accumulated capacity value following the first OCV being determined. A second OCV of the battery of the electric vehicle may be determined after performing the coulomb counting. A change in OCV value may be calculated using the determined first OCV and the determined second OCV. A slope value may be determined by dividing the accumulated capacity value by the change in OCV value. The SOH of the battery may then be determined using the slope value.

Abstract: Disclosed is a viewfinder utility. The viewfinder receives image information from a camera and displays it on a screen of the user's device. Also in the viewfinder's display are icons associated with applications that can accept image information from the camera. By selecting an icon, a user sends captured image information to the associated application. Because the initial user interaction is with the viewfinder rather than with the application itself, there is no confusion caused by disparate application user interfaces. The viewfinder can also prevent some “lost moments” because the viewfinder is ready to capture a fleeting image even before the application is fully up and running and ready to accept it. Finally, in some embodiments the user can concurrently select more than one icon and can thus send the same image information to more than one application.

Abstract: A method of care is described that includes administering an effective amount of ?-hydroxy-?-methylbutyrate (HMB) to an adult or elderly patient to improve the patient's quality of life during or after hospitalization of the patient. The improved quality of life may encompass the general health, physical health, or mental health of the patient.

Abstract: Disclosed is a viewfinder utility. The viewfinder receives image information from a camera and displays it on a screen of the user's device. Also in the viewfinder's display are icons associated with applications that can accept image information from the camera. By selecting an icon, a user sends captured image information to the associated application. Because the initial user interaction is with the viewfinder rather than with the application itself, there is no confusion caused by disparate application user interfaces. The viewfinder can also prevent some “lost moments” because the viewfinder is ready to capture a fleeting image even before the application is fully up and running and ready to accept it. Finally, in some embodiments the user can concurrently select more than one icon and can thus send the same image information to more than one application.

Abstract: A method of care is described that includes administering an effective amount of ?-hydroxy-?-methylbutyrate (HMB) to an adult or elderly patient to decrease the risk of an adverse health event during or subsequent to hospitalization of the patient.

Abstract: The present invention utilizes the marriage of photocatalytic degradation and electrochemical oxidation to provide wastewater remediation and water purification based on the use of bifunctional electrodes. The bifunctional electrode provides for combined photocatalytic and electrochemical wastewater remediation for removing any one or combination of organic chemical pollutants, inorganic chemical pollutants and microorganisms. The electrode includes an electronically conducting substrate having a photocatalyst applied to a portion of the surface, the photocatalyst having a bandgap energy (Eg), and an electrocatalyst applied to another portion of the surface. Under illumination the photocatalyst produces electron-hole pairs which are separated by an anodic bias potential applied across the photocatalyst. The same bias is applied across the electrocatalyst.

Abstract: A process for surface treating aluminum and aluminum alloy articles is provided. The method includes the steps of providing a substrate of aluminum or aluminum alloy material, the substrate having an internal surface and an external surface; machining the external surface of substrate, thereby forming a first surface appearance on the external surface; forming a first oxide coating with a first color on the substrate surface by a first anodizing process; removing at least a portion of the first oxide coating on the internal surface of the substrate to make the substrate electricity conductive; machining the external surface of the substrate, thereby removing at least a portion of the first oxide coating on the external surface and forming a second surface appearance thereon; forming a second oxide coating with a second color on the area of the external surface excluding the first oxide coating by a second anodizing process.

Abstract: A method for measuring metal ion concentration includes the following steps of: providing a measuring solution having a corrosion inhibitor; adding a specific quantity of metal ion solution into the measuring solution; providing a potential scan device (1); measuring a cyclic voltammetry curve of the measuring solution using the potential scan device at a constant scan rate in a specific potential range, the cyclic voltammetry curve has a peak current; obtaining a linear equation, which indicates a linear relationship of peak current versus a concentration of corrosion inhibitor in standard corrosion inhibitor solution in the specific potential range, the peak current is a peak current of cyclic voltammetry curve of the specific quantity of metal ion solution metal ion in the standard corrosion inhibitor solution in the specific potential range; and determining a concentration of the corrosion inhibitor of the measuring solution by computing the peak current of the cyclic voltammetry curve of the measuring so

Abstract: A method for measuring metal ion concentration includes the following steps of: providing a measuring solution having metal ion; providing a potential scan device (1); measuring a cyclic voltammetry curve of the measuring solution using the potential scan device 1 at a constant scan rate in a specific potential range, the cyclic voltammetry curve has a peak current; obtaining a linear equation, which indicates a linear relationship of peak current versus a concentration of metal ion in standard metal ion solution in the specific potential range; and determining a concentration of the metal ion of the measuring solution by computing the peak current of the cyclic voltammetry curve of the measuring solution into the linear equation.

Abstract: A cooling fin set, which is disposed on a heat source of a computer, includes a plurality of cooling fins. Each cooling fin includes some fastening portions formed thereon. The fastening portions are folded from the outer periphery of the cooling fin to form a folded side and a hook. The folded side includes an opening for inserting therein a hook of an adjacent cooling fin. An obstacle is formed extended from the rear portion of the opening of the cooling fin. The hook is parallel to the cooling fin, and includes a locking groove formed at the central portion thereof. The locking groove is formed corresponding to the obstacle of the cooling fin for clamping therein the obstacle of the adjacent fin. In this manner, the combination of the cooling fins becomes securely tight. Therefore, the cooling fins will not fall apart due to the vibration in transportation.