Abstract: This application provides a method and an apparatus for sending a physical layer protocol data unit, and a method and an apparatus for receiving a physical layer protocol data unit. The method includes: generating a physical layer protocol data unit PPDU; and sending the PPDU on one or more discrete resource units RUs, where the discrete RU includes a plurality of subcarriers that are discrete in frequency domain. The subcarriers in the discrete RU provided in embodiments are discontiguous, and transmit power of discrete subcarriers increases, so that a transmitting device can transmit the PPDU at higher transmit power. This application is applied to a wireless local area network system supporting a next-generation Wi-Fi protocol of IEEE 802.11ax, for example, 802.11 family of protocols such as 802.11be or EHT.

Abstract: A method includes: The non-AP MLD generates a buffer report, and sends the buffer report to the AP MLD on a first uplink/downlink of the plurality of uplinks/downlinks. The buffer report includes a request for a duration of direct transmission performed by a first affiliated non-AP STA of the non-AP MLD on a first direct link, the first direct link is a link between a first target non-AP STA and the first affiliated non-AP STA, and the first target non-AP STA and the first affiliated non-AP STA belong to a same BSS.

Abstract: This application provides a pilot signal transmission method and a related apparatus. The method includes: A first device determines a first frequency band to which a discrete RU allocated to the first device belongs; and the first device sends a first pilot signal of the first device to a second device on all pilot subcarriers included in the first frequency band. According to embodiments of this application, problems such as narrowband interference and frequency selective fading are avoided, and pilot signal transmission reliability is improved.

Abstract: This application provides a method for sending data in a wireless network, and a related apparatus. The method includes: A first device determines a distributed RU allocated to the first device, where the distributed RU includes data subcarriers and pilot subcarriers, all subcarriers of one distributed RU are distributed on a first frequency band, a size of the first frequency band is 20 MHz, the first frequency band includes a maximum of 18 pilot subcarriers that are disposed at an interval, a quantity of pilot subcarriers included in one distributed RU is greater than or equal to 2, and at least two pilot subcarriers included in one distributed RU are spaced by at least M pilot subcarriers; and the first device sends a physical layer protocol data unit PPDU on the distributed RU.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to radio frame sending methods and apparatuses, and radio frame receiving methods and apparatuses. In one example method, a multi-link device generates a radio frame, where the radio frame includes a first multi-link element (MLE) and a second MLE, the first MLE includes a first information element, the second MLE includes a second information element, and the first information element and the second information element correspond to station information of a same link. Then, the multi-link device sends the radio frame.

Abstract: This application relates to the field of wireless fidelity technologies, and in particular, to a resource indication method, an access point, and a station. The method includes: An access point generates a PPDU, and sends the PPDU, where the PPDU comprises a preamble puncturing information field; and where when the PPDU is in non-orthogonal frequency division multiple access (non-OFDMA) transmission mode, the preamble puncturing information field is used to indicate a puncturing status of an entire bandwidth corresponding to the PPDU; when the PPDU is in an orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) transmission mode, the preamble puncturing information field is used to indicate a puncturing status of 80 MHz corresponding to a frequency domain fragment.

Abstract: There are disclosed certain 1-[2-(aminomethyl)benzyl]-2-thioxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[3,2-d]pyrimidin-4-one compounds of formula (I), and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, together with compositions containing them and their use in therapy. The compounds are inhibitors of the enzyme MPO and are thereby particularly useful in the treatment or prophylaxis of cardiovascular disorders such as heart failure and coronary artery disease related conditions.

Abstract: This application discloses a multi-link establishment method and a related device. A multi-link association response frame carries radio bitmap information, to indicate an AP allowed to be associated with a radio of a STA MLD or a link allowed to be established by using a radio of a STA MLD, so that the radio subsequently switches between different APs or links. The multi-link association response frame carries link establishment status information, to indicate a link establishment status of each link that the STA MLD requests to establish, so that multi-link establishment is more flexible. The multi-link association response frame carries reassociation information, to indicate whether each parameter in association configuration information is reserved, so that a problem that signaling overheads are relatively large due to a reassociation operation is avoided. It can be learned that, in the multi-link establishment method, the foregoing information is carried to improve multi-link establishment flexibility.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to methods and apparatuses for reporting buffered data. In one example method, a station (STA) generates a first frame, where the first frame includes first information, the first information includes time information, the time information indicates a first time, and a first buffered data packet needs to be sent within the first time. The STA sends the first frame.

Abstract: This application is applicable to a group addressed traffic transmission method applicable to a plurality of links and an apparatus. In the method, group addressed traffic indication information is used to indicate whether each AP or an AP other than a first AP in an AP MLD has group addressed traffic; or group addressed traffic indication information is used to indicate whether each AP or an AP other than a first AP in an AP MLD and each AP or an AP other than a non-transmitted AP in an AP MLD in which the non-transmitted AP in a multiple BSSID set in which the first AP is located have group addressed traffic. This application is applied to a wireless local area network system that supports an IEEE 802.11ax next-generation Wi-Fi EHT protocol, for example, an 802.11 series protocol such as 802.11be.

Abstract: This application describes resource unit indication methods, access points, and stations. In an example method, a resource unit allocation subfield in a trigger frame includes a frequency band range indication and a resource unit indication. The resource unit indication is used to indicate a multi-resource unit (MRU) allocated to a station. The frequency band range indication is used to indicate a frequency band range in which a resource unit (RU) in the MRU is located. For example, the frequency band range indication is used to indicate 80 MHz in which a smallest RU in the MRU is located.

Abstract: Embodiments of this disclosure provide a communication method and device, a storage medium, and a program product. According to the communication method of this disclosure, a physical layer protocol data unit (PPDU) is transmitted or received based on a tone plan of a first bandwidth. The tone plan includes a physical resource unit (PRU), and the PRU includes discrete subcarriers. According to embodiments of this disclosure, an original nominal RU is processed to obtain a PRU including discrete subcarriers. Discretized subcarriers of the PRU may be evenly distributed on a larger bandwidth without changing subcarrier division of the original nominal RU. When it is ensured that a large PAPR is not generated in data transmission due to discrete subcarriers, a transmit end can perform communication at a high transmit power.

Abstract: This application provides communication methods, apparatuses, and computer-readable storage media. In an example, a value of a specific element of a first access point (AP) (or a second AP) is reused in a management frame, to indicate specific elements of a plurality of APs in a multiple basic service set identifier (BSSID) set to which the first AP (or the second AP) belongs. The management frame does not need to carry a plurality of same specific elements in the multiple BSSID set. The described techniques can be applied to, for example, a wireless local area network system supporting IEEE 802.11ax next-generation Wi-Fi protocols, for example, 802.11 series protocols such as the 802.11be or the EHT.

Abstract: A communication method and a communication apparatus. The method includes a first device sends a management frame, where the management frame includes a first bitmap, and a first puncturing pattern indicated by the first bitmap is a puncturing pattern not supported by non-orthogonal frequency division multiple access (non-OFDMA) transmission, and the first device sends a physical layer protocol data unit (PPDU) based on a second puncturing pattern corresponding to the first bitmap, where the second puncturing pattern is a puncturing pattern supported by the non-OFDMA transmission.

Abstract: This application provides a resource indication method and apparatus, and relates to the field of communication technologies. In the method, the first communication apparatus may receive resource indication information. The resource indication information may include resource unit allocation information for indicating one or more first VRUs, and station information of a station to which the one or more first VRUs are allocated. There is a mapping relationship between the first PRU and the first VRU. The first communication apparatus transmits data on the first PRU.

Abstract: This application provides a method for indicating the number of MU-MIMO users and a communications apparatus. According to the method provided in this application, a case in which the number of users supported in the RU whose size is greater than or equal to a 106-tone RU is greater than 8 is indicated. Therefore, communication efficiency is improved. For example, the method may be applied to a WLAN system.

Abstract: A method includes generating quality of service requirement information which includes packet loss rate indication information. The packet loss rate indication information includes an acceptable maximum packet loss rate and a reference number of service data packets. The reference number of service data packets indicates a reference measurement number for counting the packet loss rate. The method also includes sending the quality of service requirement information.

Abstract: This application provides a communication method and apparatus that allow retransmitted MPDUs with different retransmission versions (RVs) to be transmitted in a same transmission process. The communication method and apparatus may be applied to a data retransmission process between any two nodes in a Wi-Fi system. In the method, when a PPDU sent by a first node includes one or more retransmitted MPDUs, the first node may include RV indication information in the PPDU to indicate an RV of each retransmitted MPDU, so that a second node can properly receive each retransmitted MPDU based on the RV indication information.

Abstract: Embodiments of this application relates to a multi-link communication setup method and a related apparatus. The method includes: a non-AP MLD sends an association request frame on a first link, to request multi-link setup. An AP MLD returns an association response frame on the first link, to notify whether multi-link setup succeeds. The AP MLD sets a second status code field of a multi-link element of the association response frame to a newly defined value, to indicate that a cause why a link is not accepted is that the first link is not accepted. This application is applied to a WLAN system that supports a next generation Wi-Fi protocol of 802.11ax, for example, 802.11be, Wi-Fi 7, or EHT, and other 802.11 series protocols; and for another example, a next generation protocol of 802.11be: Wi-Fi 8.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to methods and apparatuses for determining transmit power in a wireless local area network. In an example method, a station receives a trigger frame, where the trigger frame indicates a first resource unit allocated to the station. The trigger frame includes an access point (AP) transmit power subfield and an uplink target receive power subfield. The station sends a trigger-based physical layer protocol data unit (TB PPDU) at first transmit power. The TB PPDU occupies a second resource unit included in the first resource unit. The first transmit power is determined based on an indication of the AP transmit power subfield, an indication of the uplink target receive power subfield, the second resource unit, and the first resource unit.