Abstract: A resistive memory apparatus including a memory cell array, at least one dummy transistor and a control circuit is provided. The memory cell array includes a plurality of memory cells. Each of the memory cells includes a resistive switching element. The dummy transistor is electrically isolated from the resistive switching element. The control circuit is coupled to the memory cell array and the dummy transistor. The control circuit is configured to provide a first bit line voltage, a source line voltage and a word line voltage to the dummy transistor to drive the dummy transistor to output a saturation current. The control circuit is further configured to determine a value of a second bit line voltage for driving the memory cells according to the saturation current. In addition, an operating method and a memory cell array of the resistive memory apparatus are also provided.

Abstract: A two-wire serial handshaking communication interface and a method thereof is provided for a transmission of a data bit representative between a first transmitting component and a second transmitting component, wherein the first transmitting component includes a first input/output unit and a second input/output unit and the second transmitting component has a third input/output unit and a fourth input/output unit, wherein the first input/output unit and the second input/output unit transmit a first signal through a first transmitting line electrically connected therebetween and the third input/output unit and the fourth input/output unit transmit a second signal transmitted through a second transmitting line electrically connected therebetween without strict constraint on communication timing.

Abstract: A universal series bus (USB) frequency synchronous apparatus using a start of frame (SOF) signal generated by a master device to mark a reference interval is disclosed. The frequency synchronizing apparatus includes a frequency divider, a counter unit with a default pulse number, an arithmetic unit, and an adjusting unit. The frequency divider divides a high frequency signal by a variable frequency factor to generate a lock frequency signal. The counter is used to detect a pulse number of the lock frequency signal at a reference interval and obtain a pulse difference between the default pulse number and the detected pulse number of the lock frequency signal.

Abstract: A universal series bus (USB) frequency synchronous apparatus using a start of frame (SOF) signal generated by a master device to mark a reference interval is disclosed. The frequency synchronizing apparatus includes a frequency divider, a counter unit with a default pulse number, an arithmetic unit, and an adjusting unit. The frequency divider divides a high frequency signal by a variable frequency factor to generate a lock frequency signal. The counter is used to detect a pulse number of the lock frequency signal at a reference interval and obtain a pulse difference between the default pulse number and the detected pulse number of the lock frequency signal.

Abstract: A two-wire serial handshaking communication interface and a method thereof is provided for a transmission of a data bit representative between a first transmitting component and a second transmitting component, wherein the first transmitting component includes a first input/output unit and a second input/output unit and the second transmitting component has a third input/output unit and a fourth input/output unit, wherein the first input/output unit and the second input/output unit transmit a first signal through a first transmitting line electrically connected therebetween and the third input/output unit and the fourth input/output unit transmit a second signal transmitted through a second transmitting line electrically connected therebetween without strict constraint on communication timing.

Abstract: A method for an audio algorithm is provided. The method includes steps of (a) providing an audio datum, a block division rule of unfixed sample size, and an encoding optimization process; (b) establishing a block from the audio datum by the block division rule of unfixed sample size; (c) obtaining an encoding result by encoding the block with the encoding optimization process; and (d) repeating respective steps (b)-(c) and thereby obtaining a plurality of the blocks.

Abstract: A method for sequentially driving light emitting diodes (LEDs) arranged in an array is provided. The method includes steps of a) electrically connecting anodes and cathodes of the LEDs to a ground; b) keeping the cathodes of a first part of the LEDs being electrically connected to the ground; c) increasing anode potentials of the LEDs to a first reference potential, and floating the cathodes of other parts of the LEDs simultaneously; d) supplying a current to the first part of the LEDs, and increasing cathode potentials of the other parts of the LEDs to a second reference potential simultaneously; and e) repeating the steps a)–d) for a second part of the LEDs. In which, the first part of the LEDs is arranged in a target row of the array and the second part of the LEDs is arranged in a row next to the target row.

Abstract: A method for sequentially driving light emitting diodes (LEDs) arranged in an array is provided. The method includes steps of a) electrically connecting anodes and cathodes of the LEDs to a ground; b) keeping the cathodes of a first part of the LEDs being electrically connected to the ground; c) increasing anode potentials of the LEDs to a first reference potential, and floating the cathodes of other parts of the LEDs simultaneously; d) supplying a current to the first part of the LEDs, and increasing cathode potentials of the other parts of the LEDs to a second reference potential simultaneously; and e) repeating the steps a)-d) for a second part of the LEDs. In which, the first part of the LEDs is arranged in a target row of the array and the second part of the LEDs is arranged in a row next to the target row.

Abstract: An identification data transmitting circuit for controlling a transmission of an identification data in radio frequency identification tag is provided. The transmitting circuit includes a clock circuit for respectively generating a series of clock signals for elements in the identification data transmitting circuit, an selecting circuit having a counter, a random numeral generator and a comparator for providing an enable signal by means of comparing outputs of the counter and the random numeral generator, and a memory device being electrically connected between the clock circuit and the selecting circuit for storing the identification data of radio frequency identification tag and receiving the enable signal of selecting circuit, so as to output the identification data.

Abstract: An environment monitoring integrated circuit is provided that allows the boundaries of operating parameters to be conveniently modified. The present invention allows the hardware designer to easily change the temperature boundary of the computer operation, or the boundaries of the operating voltage, the operating temperature and the rotation speed of the fan. The present invention uses limit registers which provide a simple implementation for changing the boundaries of the operating parameters of the computer.

Abstract: A photocoupling signal detection circuit for a computer mouse to simplify the design of circuit by tracking the slope change of input voltage waveform and produce a digital output which can detect the movement of computer mouse is disclosed. This signal detection circuit includes a comparator, a state decision circuit, an up/down counter, and a D/A converter. The comparator produces an up/down signal connected to the state decision circuit, then the up/down signal connected to the up/down counter to transfer the up/down signal into a digital signal output. The digital signal connected to a D/A converter for transferring into an analog signal, and the analog signal can be compared with the output signal of an phototransistor. According to the state of up/down signal, the state decision circuit determines if the phototransistor is turned on or turned off and outputs different state signals, based on its determination. The output state signal is further utilized for the detection of a computer mouse.

Abstract: A circuit and a method for generating modified reference voltages are provided. The reference voltages are modified dependent upon the level of electrical signals received. A series of electrical signals is provided to a reference voltage adjuster. The reference voltage adjuster stores a signal representing either a previous maximum or minimum signal value, and also stores a signal representing a present signal from the series of electrical signals. The reference voltage adjuster then determines the existence of a new maximum or minimum signal value. Upon the determination of the existence of a new maximum or minimum signal value, the average of the new maximum or minimum signal and the previous maximum or minimum signal value is determined. The signal representing the average of the new maximum or minimum signal and the previous maximum or minimum signal value is then provided to a comparator as the new reference voltage.