Abstract: An optical modulator including an optical waveguide structure and a selective modulation unit. The optical waveguide structure guides wavelength division multiplexed light including a plurality of optical carriers having different wavelengths. A modulation signal is supplied to the selective modulation unit. The selective modulation unit operates on the optical waveguide structure to selectively modulate a selected optical carrier selected from the plural optical carriers according to the modulation signal. With this configuration, the selective modulation unit operates on the single optical waveguide structure to perform selective modulation, so that optical modulation of an arbitrary optical carrier in the wavelength division multiplexed light can be easily performed.

Abstract: An image recording apparatus and a method of using the image recording apparatus. The image recording apparatus has a sheet sending path connecting a sheet supply section, an image forming section, and a sheet discharge section. A pull-in path branches from the sheet sending path, and a return path branches from the pull-in path to define a branch point. A first pair and a second pair of conveying rollers are provided on the pull-in path on respective sides of the branch point.The first pair and the second pair of conveying rollers are independently drivable in a forward direction and a reverse direction.

Abstract: This invention aims at providing an optical waveguide device capable of stably operating for an extended period of time. The optical waveguide device comprises an optical waveguide path formed inside a surface of an electro-optical substrate, a buffer layer formed on the optical waveguide path, and a driving electrode for impressing an electric field so as to change a refractive index of the optical waveguide path, wherein the buffer layer is made of a transparent dielectric or insulator of a mixture between silicon dioxide and an oxide of at least one element selected from the group consisting of the metal elements of the Groups III to VIII, Ib and IIb of the Periodic Table and semiconductor elements other than silicon, or a transparent dielectric or insulator of an oxide between silicon and at least one of the metal elements and semiconductor elements described above.

Abstract: An optical modulator comprises an optical waveguide provided on an electro-optic substrate and formed of a first region for optical phase modulation and a second region for optical amplitude modulation cascaded with each other on the substrate, a signal electrode covering the optical waveguide for the first and second regions, and a ground electrode covering a surface of the substrate for the first and second regions, wherein the signal electrode includes an electrode strip extending on the surface of the substrate to continuously cover the optical waveguide from the first region to the second region, and wherein the ground electrode includes an electrode strip extending from the first region to the second region and covering the optical waveguide only in the first region.

Abstract: This invention aims at providing an optical waveguide device capable of stably operating for an extended period of time. The optical waveguide device comprises an optical waveguide path formed inside a surface of an electro-optical substrate, a buffer layer formed on the optical waveguide path, and a driving electrode for impressing an electric field so as to change a refractive index of the optical waveguide path, wherein the buffer layer is made of a transparent dielectric or insulator of a mixture between silicon dioxide and an oxide of at least one element selected from the group consisting of the metal elements of the Groups III to VIII, Ib and IIb of the Periodic Table and semiconductor elements other than silicon, or a transparent dielectric or insulator of an oxide between silicon and at least one of the metal elements and semiconductor elements described above.

Abstract: An optical waveguide device includes an optical waveguide formed on a surface of a substrate having an electrooptical effect, and a pair of electrodes formed on corresponding regions above the optical waveguide and receiving a driving electric signal thereacross. By applying the electric signal to the electrodes, an electric field is formed in a vicinity of the optical waveguide. By changing a distribution of the electric field in accordance with a change in a frequency of the electric signal, it is possible to suppress a DC drift of the device to effectively compensate a fluctuation in operational characteristics due to the DC drift, stress of the like.

Abstract: An electrophotographic charger of the type in which a plurality of corona wires extend in the axial direction adjacent to and separated from the surface of a photosensitive drum in order to charge the surface. A plate-like etching grid is interposed between the corona wires and the drum to ensure the charge is uniformly placed on the drum. The grid is divided into a number of individual removable grids so that the distance between each grid and the adjacent corona wire, and the distance between each grid and the drum surface is substantially uniform.

Abstract: A beam position control apparatus in which a light beam is led into a light detector from a light generating source through a movable reflector and positioning of the light beam is performed by a servo control circuit for feeding a signal from the light detector back to the movable reflector, comprises: an oscillator for oscillating in response to an initializing signal and moving the movable reflector to move the beam onto the light detector; and a control switch for separating the oscillator and the movable reflector from each other in response to the signal from the light detector, the oscillator and the control switch being arranged in the servo control circuit.

Abstract: There are disclosed an aqueous alkaline developer for light-sensitive lithographic printing plate commonly processing a negative-type light-sensitive lithographic printing plate having a light-sensitive layer containing a diazo compound and a positive-type light-sensitive lithographic printing plate having a light-sensitive layer containing an o-quinonediazide compound, which comprises containing an alkali agent, 0.1 to 10% by weight of a water-soluble reducing agent, a sodium, potassium or ammonium salt of an organic carboxylic acid, and a non-ionic or cationic surfactant, and having a pH in the range of 12.5 to 13.5, and also a developer composition for light-sensitive material, which comprises an aqueous solution containing a compound represented by the formula (I) shown below: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 represents an alkyl group or an alkoxy group each having 2 to 5 carbon atoms, or a hydroxyalkyl group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms; and R.sub.

Abstract: An apparatus for processing an imagewise exposed pre-sensitized lithographic printing plate which entails uniformly applying a desired amount of developer, that has not been substantially used to the surface of the printing plate by a developer supply member comprised of two plates and having a slit at the lowermost portion thereof which contacts the surface of the printing plate, and then transferring the plate containing the developer to a developer storage tank, immersing the plate in the developer storage tank, and removing the developer from the plate.

Abstract: A Mach-Zehnder interferometer type modulator, constructed of first and second optical waveguides, first and second electrodes cooperating with the same, and a driving voltage source, wherein a driving voltage source is constructed of first and second driving units which drive independently the first and second electrodes in accordance with a data input and wherein the first and second driving units apply first and second driving voltages, individually determined, to the first and second electrodes.

Abstract: Printing plates having a photosensitive layer coated on a support wherein said photosensitive layer contains a powdered solid adhered to the surface of said plate by means of powdering followed by the application of heat or solvent before exposure. Said powders are capable of being removed from said surface during the developing process.

Abstract: An electrophotographic printer in which toner is printed and fused and the paper thereafter folded and stacked. To avoid toner stick a blower blows cooling air between adjacent folded sheets. The blower may be mounted on a horizotnally slidable paper guide. The stacker table may be lowered so that the top of the stack is maintained at the same height or the blower may be moved vertically in response to the output of a sensor detecting the top of the folded stack.

Abstract: An optical scanner and method in which light beams from a plurality of sources are directed onto a medium to form a composite spot. The relative positions of the beams are detected and changed to change the diameter of the composite spot so that lines formed by such spots appear unbroken. The modulating times, intensities and number of sources of the beams can also be varied to provide a linear relation between the dither matrix and the picture element density.

Abstract: A scanning apparatus for use in a laser beam printer or the like comprising a control means for varying the spacing between adjoining scanning beams of a plurality of laser beams, which further comprises a plurality of light sources, a means for changing intensity, including on/off states, of the beam from the light sources, and a rotating polygonal mirror for allowing the beams to scan the scanned plane in parallel, and is adapted, in accordance with the value of the pixel density of information to be recorded, such that, in the beam scanning direction, the area exposed to the beam is changed by changing the width of a beam intensity modulating pulse, and in the direction perpendicular to the beam scanning, the number of revolutions of the rotating polygonal mirror is changed.

Abstract: A method of processing an imagewise exposed pre-sensitize lithographic printing plate which entails uniformly applying a desired amount of developer, that has not been substantially used to the surface of the printing plate by a developer supply member comprised of two plates and having a slit at the lowermost portion thereof, and then transferring the plate containing the developer to a developer storage tank, immersing the plate in the developer storage tank, and removing the developer from the plate.

Abstract: A method of connecting optical fibers with each other or with optical waveguides using a connection aid. The connecting aid has a hole into which the fiber is inserted and secured and from which hole a tip portion of the fiber protrudes slightly, and an adhesive or solder is applied to a gap between two adjacent connection aids or between an end surface of the waveguide and an opposed surface of the connection aid. The connection aid may contain an array of two or more optical fibers. The connection method can be used to produce reliable, strong and low-loss connections between the optical fibers or between and optical waveguide and the optical fibers.

Abstract: An electrophotographic device has a photosensitive element, an electrifier that forms a uniform electrostatic potential on the photosensitive element, and a light source for irradiating the photosensitive element to obtain an electrostatic latent image that has a reduced potential. A bias potential is applied to the photosensitive element after the latent image is formed, but before it is developed, so that the reduced potential of the latent image can be maintained at a constant level. With constant potentials existing on the photosensitive element, a printed image of high quality is obtained.

Abstract: A biaxially stretched composite styrene resin sheet of a multilayer structure, comprising at least one layer of polystyrene and at least two layers of a mixture of polystyrene and styrene/butadiene block copolymer resin, wherein both outside layers are formed of said mixture, the thickness of each of the outside layers is 1 to 20% of the total thickness of the sheet, and the entire sheet is biaxially stretched.

Abstract: An optical switch comprising: an electrode-optic crystal substrate (1, 1'); a central waveguide (21); a pair of input waveguides (22, 23), and a pair of output waveguides (24, 25). A refractive-index-changed region (R') is provided symmetrically within some part of the central waveguide. Switching from the straight-through state to the branching state or vice versa is carried out by introducing a change in the refractive index of the index-changed region.