Abstract: A method for electrodepositing a coating/free-standing layer on a workpiece in an electrolytic cell includes moving the workpiece and an anode applicator tool having a consumable anode insert relative to each other; anodically dissolving a metal from the insert and cathodically depositing the metal on the workpiece; providing flow of electrolyte solution through the insert to ensure that greater than 90% of the anodic reaction is represented by dissolution of the metal; recirculating collected electrolyte solution exiting the electrolytic cell through the insert; applying an electric current to the electrolytic cell; maintaining a concentration of the anodically dissolved metal within ±25% of each Ampere-hour per liter of electroplating solution; and creating a cathodic electrodeposit on the workpiece which includes the anodically dissolved metal, the chemical composition of the deposit varying by less than 25% in the deposition direction over a selected thickness of up to 25 microns of the deposit.

Abstract: A method for electrodepositing a coating/free-standing layer on a workpiece in an electrolytic cell includes moving the workpiece and an anode applicator tool having a consumable anode insert relative to each other; anodically dissolving a metal from the insert and cathodically depositing the metal on the workpiece; providing flow of electrolyte solution through the insert to ensure that greater than 90% of the anodic reaction is represented by dissolution of the metal; recirculating collected electrolyte solution exiting the electrolytic cell through the insert; applying an electric current to the electrolytic cell; maintaining a concentration of the anodically dissolved metal within ±25% of each Ampere-hour per liter of electroplating solution; and creating a cathodic electrodeposit on the workpiece which includes the anodically dissolved metal, the chemical composition of the deposit varying by less than 25% in the deposition direction over a selected thickness of up to 25 microns of the deposit.

Abstract: Anode applicators include consumable anodes, that can be operated in a non-stationary mode and are insensitive to orientation, are used in selective plating/brush electrodeposition of coatings or free-standing components. The flow-through dimensionally-stable, consumable anodes employed are perforated/porous to provide relatively unimpeded electrolyte flow and operate at low enough electrochemical potentials to provide for anodic metal/alloy dissolution avoiding undesired anodic reactions. The consumable anodes include consumable anode material(s) in high surface area to reduce the local anodic current density. During electroplating, sufficient electrolyte is pumped through the consumable anodes at sufficient flow rates to minimize concentration gradient and/or avoid the generation of chlorine and/or oxygen gas and/or undesired reaction such as the anodic oxidation of P-bearing ions in the electrolyte.

Abstract: Corrosion resistant, grain-refined and/or amorphous Ni- and Cu-free Co-bearing coatings on polymer substrates for use in human contact applications, including industrial products, automotive products, medical surgical devices, and medical products, are disclosed.

Abstract: Super-hydrophobic and self-cleaning articles produced by imprinting exposed surfaces with suitable fine-grained and/or amorphous metallic embossing dies to transfer a dual surface structure, including ultra-fine features less than or equal to 100 nm embedded in and overlaying a surface topography with macro-surface structures greater than or equal to 1 micron are disclosed.

Abstract: Super-hydrophobic and self-cleaning articles produced by imprinting exposed surfaces with suitable fine-grained and/or amorphous metallic embossing dies to transfer a dual surface structure, including ultra-fine features less than or equal to 100 nm embedded in and overlaying a surface topography with macro-surface structures greater than or equal to 1 micron are disclosed.

Abstract: Super-hydrophobic and self-cleaning articles produced by imprinting exposed surfaces with suitable fine-grained and/or amorphous metallic embossing dies to transfer a dual surface structure, including ultra-fine features less than or equal to 100 nm embedded in and overlaying a surface topography with macro-surface structures greater than or equal to 1 micron are disclosed.

Abstract: Anode applicators include consumable anodes, that can be operated in a non-stationary mode and are insensitive to orientation, are used in selective plating/brush electrodeposition of coatings or free-standing components. The flow-through dimensionally-stable, consumable anodes employed are perforated/porous to provide relatively unimpeded electrolyte flow and operate at low enough electrochemical potentials to provide for anodic metal/alloy dissolution avoiding undesired anodic reactions. The consumable anodes include consumable anode material(s) in high surface area to reduce the local anodic current density. During electroplating, sufficient electrolyte is pumped through the consumable anodes at sufficient flow rates to minimize concentration gradient and/or avoid the generation of chlorine and/or oxygen gas and/or undesired reaction such as the anodic oxidation of P-bearing ions in the electrolyte.

Abstract: A metal-clad polymer article includes a polymeric material with or without particulate addition. The polymeric material defines a permanent substrate. A metallic material covers at least part of a surface of the polymeric material. The metallic material has a microstructure which, at least in part, is at least one of fine-grained with an average grain size between 2 and 5,000 nm and amorphous. The metallic material has an elastic limit between 0.2% and 15%. At least one intermediate layer can be provided between the polymeric material and the metallic material. A stress on the polymeric material, at a selected operating temperature, reaches at least 60% of its ultimate tensile strength at a strain equivalent to the elastic limit of said metallic material.

Abstract: Super-hydrophobic and self-cleaning articles produced by imprinting exposed surfaces with suitable fine-grained and/or amorphous metallic embossing dies to transfer a dual surface structure, including ultra-fine features less than or equal to 100 nm embedded in and overlaying a surface topography with macro-surface structures greater than or equal to 1 micron are disclosed.