Abstract: An electroacoustic transducer 1 includes a base 24 made of a magnetic material; a magnetic core 22 made of a magnetic material and upstanding on the base 24; a diaphragm 20 made of a magnetic material and spaced from a leading end of the magnetic core; a magnetic field generating member 25 cooperating with the base 24, the magnetic core 22 and the diaphragm 20 to constitute a magnetic circuit, for supplying a static magnetic field; a coil 23 placed around the magnetic core, for supplying an oscillating magnetic field to the magnetic circuit. The magnetic field generating member 25 constitutes a multiplex ring structure in which a magnet 25a and a support ring 26 are integrated together, whose faces opposing the diaphragm 20 have respectively magnetic poles of the same polarity.

Abstract: An electroacoustic transducer to be mounted on a board of a device, includes an anode conductive part which is in press contact with the board of the device, and a cathode conductive part which is in press contact with the board of the device, wherein the anode conductive part and the cathode conductive part are respectively placed at an axial center position or at predetermined positions in a radial direction to eliminate directionality in a circumferential direction.

Abstract: An electroacoustic transducer 1 has: a base 24 made of magnetic material; a magnetic core 22 provided erectly on the base 24; a diaphragm 20 supported so as to separate from a forward end of the magnetic core with an air gap therebetween; a magnet 25 constituting a magnetic circuit together with the base 24, the magnetic core 22 and the diaphragm 20 so as to apply a magnetostatic field to the magnetic circuit; a coil 23 for applying an oscillating magnetic field to the magnetic circuit; and a support ring 26 for supporting the diaphragm 20; wherein all the members constituting the electroacoustic transducer are enclosed in the base 24 and a casing 10; tapered coil spring terminals 40 are fixed to a wiring board 30 attached to the bottom surface of the base 24; and a skirt portion 13 of the casing 10 abuts against a circuit board 51 in the condition that the electroacoustic transducer 1 is mounted on the circuit board 51, so that the spring terminals 40 are prevented from being compressed beyond necessity.

Abstract: An acoustic refrigeration apparatus includes an acoustic wave generation device arranged directed to the channel of a hollow annular tube, and a regenerator provided at a predetermined position in the channel of the annular tube. A temperature gradient is obtained across the regenerator by an acoustic wave emitted from the acoustic wave generation device. Therefore, an acoustic refrigeration apparatus realizing a gas cycle approximating the Carnot cycle which is an ideal gas cycle, and realizing simplification of the structure and high efficiency of the apparatus is provided.

Abstract: A control apparatus and method for a powertrain of a vehicle provided with a drive unit which has the powertrain including an engine or an electric motor and an automatic transmission, and a driving shaft. The control apparatus is provided with first torque estimating means for obtaining a first estimated driving shaft torque, second torque estimating unit for obtaining a second estimated driving shaft torque used to correct said first estimated driving shaft torque, comparison means for comparing said first estimated driving shaft torque with said second estimated driving shaft torque, and driving shaft torque calculating means for calculating a driving shaft torque on the basis of the result of the comparison.

Abstract: The invention provides a torque feedback shift control device for an engine control system including an engine, an engine torque controller, an automatic transmission for changing output speed of the engine, and a transmission controller for controlling gear shifting in the transmission. A target torque generator is provided for generating a signal indicative of a target torque pattern in shifting of the automatic transmission according to a shifting signal from the transmission controller. A drive shaft torque detector detects an output torque of the automatic transmission, and the engine controller performs feedback control of the engine torque so that the output torque detected by the drive shaft torque detector in downshifting of the automatic transmission follows up the target torque pattern.

Abstract: The invention provides a torque feedback shift control device for an engine control system including an engine, an engine torque controller, an automatic transmission for changing output speed of the engine, and a transmission controller for controlling gear shifting in the transmission. A target torque generator is provided for generating a signal indicative of a target torque pattern in shifting of the automatic transmission according to a shifting signal from the transmission controller. A drive shaft torque detector detects an output torque of the automatic transmission, and the engine controller performs feedback control of the engine torque so that the output torque detected by the drive shaft torque detector in downshifting of the automatic transmission follows up the target torque pattern.

Abstract: A torque detection mechanism can be provided for a power train and its control unit without newly adding a sensor and its signal processing module. As a gear pair for the torque detection mechanism of a phase difference type, existing gears in a transmission are used, or a gear pair for this mechanism are provided adjacent to these existing gears. From phase signals sent from pickups, a phase difference signal is obtained by use of one part of existing devices in the control unit. The torque detection mechanism can be realized with the minimum number of component parts by utilizing the existing members and spaces instead of newly adding a sensor and its module. The invention can be applied to either of FF and FR cars, and has a practical structure in respect of the performance, costs and reliability.

Abstract: There are disclosed an automatic gear change control apparatus for an automobile and a method of controlling such apparatus. A rotational output of an internal combustion engine is connected to drive wheels of the automobile and a load device. When a gear shifting-up of an automatic transmission is to be effected, the load applied by the load device is increased, or the load is connected to an output rotation shaft of the engine via a selectively-connecting device, thereby reducing the rotational speed of the output rotation shaft of the engine to a required level.

Abstract: An apparatus for adjusting height of a motor vehicle have functions of detecting abnormality of sensors for detecting the vehicle height, driving a compressor independent of outputs of the sensors when pressure within a suspension is lower than a predetermined value, enabling actuation of the compressor after lapse of a predetermined time since turning-on of an ignition switch, enabling decreasing of the vehicle height for a predetermined time after turning-off of the ignition switch, and a self-diagnosing function for preventing runaway of the control.

Abstract: A liquid crystal panel device comprises a liquid crystal panel having a relatively large area particularly while in use with an automobile dashboard and having a plurality of display sections, a diffusion plate disposed opposing the rear face of the liquid crystal panel for diffusing receiving light rays, a printed circuit board disposed opposing the rear face of the diffusion plate, and a plurality of light emitting members disposed in equally spaced relation to each other on the printed circuit board over the whole region of the liquid crystal panel. A reflection plate is provided between the diffusion plate and the board, and a partition plate corresponding to the display section of the liquid crystal panel is provided. Within a space defined by the diffusion plate, board, reflection plate, and partition plate, the light emitting members consisting of three or four incandescent lamps are disposed.

Abstract: A display apparatus for a vehicle comprising arithmetic unit for processing outputs of different sensors in accordance with a given process program so as to provide display signals adapted to be displayed on different display units, a memory for storing predetermined process programs corresponding to different display standards, and a program selecting device for selecting one of the process programs stored in the memory in accordance with a desired one of the display standards and supplying the selected process program to the arithmetic unit, whereby the display units can display signals to meet any one of the different display standards.

Abstract: A vehicle height adjusting device comprises a vehicle height sensor for sensing the height of a vehicle, means for controlling the vehicle height which produces a vehicle height adjusting signal in response to the signal from the vehicle height sensor, driving means for adjusting the vehicle height in response to the vehicle height adjusting signal, constant voltage conversion means for converting a power supply voltage into a constant voltage and supplying the constant voltage to the means for controlling the vehicle height, and power supply control means for on-off controlling the supply of the power supply voltage in accordance with the turn-on and turn-off of an ignition switch.

Abstract: A vehicle trip computer for detecting the distance traveled by a vehicle and the amount of fuel remaining in the fuel tank and computing and displaying the capable travel distance of the vehicle through the desired computational operations in accordance with the detected data. During the initial period following the connection of the trip computer to the power source, the capable travel distance of the vehicle is computed by using a predetermined initial gas mileage in place of the computed gas mileage. Also, the trip computer does not replace the initial gas mileage with the computed actual gas mileage until the distance traveled by the vehicle exceeds a predetermined distance.