Abstract: In a cross section in which squish flow from an outer peripheral part of a piston (13) toward a cavity (25) is large due to a width (W2) of a squish area (SA) being large and a squish clearance (C2) being small, a collision angle (?2) at which a fuel injection axis (Li2) collides with the cavity (25) is made large, whereas in a cross section in which squish flow is small due to the width of the squish area (SA) being small and the squish clearance being large, the collision angle at which a fuel injection axis collides with the cavity (25) is made small. This enables a tendency for fuel to flow out to the exterior of the cavity (25) in a cross section where the squish flow is small to be weakened, and a tendency for fuel to flow out to the exterior of the cavity (25) in a cross section where the squish flow is large to be strengthened, thereby making the conditions in which fuel and air are mixed uniform throughout the entire region of the cavity (25).

Abstract: In a direct fuel injection diesel engine having a piston with a pentroof-shaped top face, with regard to a pentroof-shaped piston (13) with a cavity (25) recessed in a central part of the top face, a radial width S of a squish area (26) formed between an outer peripheral part of the top face and a lower face of a cylinder head (14) changes in the circumferential direction of the piston (13). By setting a squish clearance H large for a portion where the radial width S of the squish area (26) is large and setting the squish clearance H small for a portion where the radial width S of the squish area (26) is small, more specifically, by setting S/H so that it is constant in the circumferential direction, it is possible to make the strength of the squish flow uniform in the circumferential direction of the piston, thus promoting the mixing of air and fuel and reducing harmful exhaust components.

Abstract: In a direct fuel injection diesel engine equipped with a pentroof-shaped piston, when fuel is injected into a cavity (25) recessed in a central part of a piston (13), for which the height of a top face changes in the circumferential direction, from a fuel injection point (Oinj) of a fuel injector disposed on a piston central axis along a plurality of fuel injection axes (Li1,Li2), if a cross-section of the cavity (25) passing along the fuel injection axis (Li1,Li2) is defined as a fuel injection cross-section (Sn), a cross-sectional shape (see shaded portion) of the cavity (25) defined by first to third specific points (An, Bn, Cn) on the fuel injection cross-section (Sn) is set so as to be substantially equal for each fuel injection cross-section (Sn). By so doing, the conditions in which fuel and air are mixed in each fuel injection cross-section (Sn) can be made uniform, the engine output can be improved, and harmful exhaust substances can be reduced.

Abstract: In a direct fuel injection diesel engine equipped with a pentroof-shaped piston, a collision angle (?) at which fuel injected in a direction in which the height of the top face of a piston (13) is high collides with a cavity (25) is set larger than a collision angle (?) at which fuel injected in a direction in which the height of the top face of the piston (13) is low collides with the cavity (25).

Abstract: In a direct fuel injection diesel engine equipped with a pentroof-shaped piston, when fuel is injected into a cavity (25) recessed in a central part of a piston (13), for which the height of a top face changes in the circumferential direction, from a fuel injection point (Oinj) of a fuel injector disposed on a piston central axis along a plurality of fuel injection axes (Li1,Li2), if a cross-section of the cavity (25) passing along the fuel injection axis (Li1,Li2) is defined as a fuel injection cross-section (Sn), a cross-sectional shape (see shaded portion) of the cavity (25) defined by first to third specific points (An, Bn, Cn) on the fuel injection cross-section (Sn) is set so as to be substantially equal for each fuel injection cross-section (Sn). By so doing, the conditions in which fuel and air are mixed in each fuel injection cross-section (Sn) can be made uniform, the engine output can be improved, and harmful exhaust substances can be reduced.

Abstract: In a cross section in which squish flow from an outer peripheral part of a piston (13) toward a cavity (25) is large due to a width (W2) of a squish area (SA) being large and a squish clearance (C2) being small, a collision angle (?2) at which a fuel injection axis (Li2) collides with the cavity (25) is made large, whereas in a cross section in which squish flow is small due to the width of the squish area (SA) being small and the squish clearance being large, the collision angle at which a fuel injection axis collides with the cavity (25) is made small. This enables a tendency for fuel to flow out to the exterior of the cavity (25) in a cross section where the squish flow is small to be weakened, and a tendency for fuel to flow out to the exterior of the cavity (25) in a cross section where the squish flow is large to be strengthened, thereby making the conditions in which fuel and air are mixed uniform throughout the entire region of the cavity (25).

Abstract: In a direct fuel injection diesel engine having a piston with a pentroof-shaped top face, with regard to a pentroof-shaped piston (13) with a cavity (25) recessed in a central part of the top face, a radial width S of a squish area (26) formed between an outer peripheral part of the top face and a lower face of a cylinder head (14) changes in the circumferential direction of the piston (13). By setting a squish clearance H large for a portion where the radial width S of the squish area (26) is large and setting the squish clearance H small for a portion where the radial width S of the squish area (26) is small, more specifically, by setting S/H so that it is constant in the circumferential direction, it is possible to make the strength of the squish flow uniform in the circumferential direction of the piston, thus promoting the mixing of air and fuel and reducing harmful exhaust components.

Abstract: In a direct fuel injection diesel engine equipped with a pentroof-shaped piston, a collision angle (?) at which fuel injected in a direction in which the height of the top face of a piston (13) is high collides with a cavity (25) is set larger than a collision angle (?) at which fuel injected in a direction in which the height of the top face of the piston (13) is low collides with the cavity (25).

Abstract: Disclosed is a sheet transport device for use in an image forming apparatus in which one surface of a guide member and one surface of a first counterpart member define a first sheet transport path, and the opposite surface of the guide member and one surface of a second counterpart member define a second sheet transport path. The second counterpart member is pivotally supported on a main body of the image forming apparatus to be selectively set to a closed position for defining the second sheet transport path and an opened position for exposing an interior of the second sheet transport path. The guide member is pivotally supported on the main body of the image forming apparatus to be selectively set to a closed position for defining the first sheet transport path and a closed position for exposing an interior of the first sheet transport path. The sheet transport device has retaining means for retaining the guide member at the closed position.

Abstract: A sheet member discharge mechanism comprising an upper discharge roller and a lower discharge roller for conveying a sheet member in a predetermined direction while nipping it therebetween. A push-down member is disposed downstream of the nipping portion between the upper discharge roller and the lower discharge roller as viewed in a direction of conveying the sheet member, the push-down member being allowed to move between an ascended position and a descended position and is urged to the descended position. The push-down member is moved to the ascended position by the sheet member acting upon the push-down member while the sheet member is being conveyed by the upper discharge roller and the lower discharge roller that work in cooperation. The push-down member moves to the descended position to push down the trailing edge of the sheet member after the trailing edge of the sheet member has passed the nipping portion between the upper discharge roller and the lower discharge roller.

Abstract: An epoxy resin composition is disclosed as containing, as essential components, an epoxy resin, an aryl ester compound obtained from a polyhydric phenol representedd by a formula (4) with a carbonyl compound represented by a general formula (2) and a cure accelerator. When cured, the resulting product has low dielectric constant and a low dielectric loss tangent. A copper-clad laminate formed using the described composition has a low dielectric constant and a low dielectric loss tangent. The copper-clad laminate exhibits excellent adhesiveness characteristics and is suitable for use in multilayer printed wiring boards in high speed operations, particularly in the high frequency region.

Abstract: Disclosed is a sheet transport device for use in an image forming apparatus in which one surface of a guide member and one surface of a first counterpart member define a first sheet transport path, and the opposite surface of the guide member and one surface of a second counterpart member define a second sheet transport path. The second counterpart member is pivotally supported on a main body of the image forming apparatus to be selectively set to a closed position for defining the second sheet transport path and an opened position for exposing an interior of the second sheet transport path. The guide member is pivotally supported on the main body of the image forming apparatus to be selectively set to a closed position for defining the first sheet transport path and a closed position for exposing an interior of the first sheet transport path. The sheet transport device has retaining means for retaining the guide member at the closed position.

Abstract: A sheet member discharge mechanism comprising an upper discharge roller and a lower discharge roller for conveying a sheet member in a predetermined direction while nipping it therebetween. A push-down member is disposed downstream of the nipping portion between the upper discharge roller and the lower discharge roller as viewed in a direction of conveying the sheet member, the push-down member being allowed to move between an ascended position and a descended position and is urged to the descended position. The push-down member is moved to the ascended position by the sheet member acting upon the push-down member while the sheet member is being conveyed by the upper discharge roller and the lower discharge roller that work in cooperation. The push-down member moves to the descended position to push down the trailing edge of the sheet member after the trailing edge of the sheet member has passed the nipping portion between the upper discharge roller and the lower discharge roller.

Abstract: An aryl ester compound composed of a polyhydric phenol in which at least one OH group has been esterified with an organic acid or its derivatives having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, said polyhydric phenol being the condensation product of a phenolic compound represented by the general formula: 1

Abstract: A cyanate resin composition comprising as essential components a cyanate compound represented by formula (1) or its prepolymer and a curing agent: ##STR1## wherein each of R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms; A represents an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms; i represents an integer of 0 to 3 alone or together with a brominated epoxy compound or a maleimide compound or its prepolymer, said cyanate resin composition giving a cured product having a low-dielectric constant, and a copper-clad laminate composed of a prepreg of said cyanate resin composition and a copper foil.

Abstract: A copper clad laminate is disclosed as being obtained by thermoforming a prepreg and a copper foil. As disclosed, the pre-preg (uncured) includes a substrate impregnated with an epoxy resin, an aryl ester compound and a curing agent. The copper-clad laminate has a low dielectric constant and a low dielectric loss tangent. It is suitable for a multilayer printed wiring board for high speed operation, especially at high-frequency region.

Abstract: An unsaturated imide compound represented by formula (1): ##STR1## wherein Q is an alicyclic structure-containing hydrocarbon group having 4-20 carbon atoms; each of R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.i and R.sub.j represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a hydrocarbon group having 1-6 carbon atoms or a halogen-containing hydrocarbon group having 1-6 carbon atoms; each of a, b, c, d, e and f represents an integer of 0 to 4 satisfying a+b.ltoreq.4, c+d.ltoreq.4 and e+f.ltoreq.4 and D represents a divalent organic group having 2-24 carbon atoms and an ethylenically unsaturated double bond, a process for producing the unsaturated imide compound of formula (1) and intermediates for producing the unsaturated imide compound of formula (1). The unsaturated imide compound of formula (1) is well soluble in organic solvents and can give cured products excellent in heat resistance, low water absorption and flexibility.

Abstract: The polyimide film of this invention is formed from a polyimide, which is prepared by reacting a diamino compound represented by the general formula (1): ##STR1## wherein X represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms or a sulfur atom; R represents each independently a halogen atom, a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or a halogen-containing hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; a represents each independently an integer of 0 to 4;with a tetracarboxylic dianhydride represented by the general formula (2) ##STR2## wherein Y represents a tetravalent organic group having 2 or more carbon atoms.The polyimide film obtained can be applied favorably to a flexible printed circuit board without adhesion layer, a protective coating for electronic parts and electric wires, or a heat resistant adhesive.

Abstract: An aryl ester compound composed of a polyhydric phenol in which at least one OH group has been esterified with an organic acid or its derivatives having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, said polyhydric phenol being the condensation product of a phenolic compound represented by the general formula: ##STR1## with a carbonyl compound represented by the general formula: ##STR2## which aryl ester compound can give, when used as a curing agent for an epoxy resin, a cured product having a low dielectric constant and a low dielectric loss tangent; an epoxy resin composition comprising as the essential components an epoxy resin, said aryl ester compound and a cure accelerator; and a copper-clad laminate using the epoxy resin composition. The copper-clad laminate has a low dielectric constant and a low dielectric loss tangent and is excellent in adhesiveness as compared with conventional ones, and hence, is suitable for multilayer printed wiring board for high speed operation, especially at high-frequency region.

Abstract: A cyanate resin composition suitable for a copper-clad laminate comprises components (A) and (B).(A) a cyanate compound of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R and Q each represents halogen, C.sub.1-10 alkyl, C.sub.5-7 cycloalkyl or C.sub.6-20 hydrocarbon; i and j each represents 0-4 and M is (2): ##STR2## wherein T represents halogen, C.sub.1-10 alkyl, C.sub.5-7 cycloalkyl or C.sub.6-20 hydrocarbon; k represents 0-10 and m represents 0-8, and(B) a hardener.