Abstract: [Task] Provided is a manufacturing method of butadiene that can reduce carbon dioxide emissions. [Solution] A manufacturing method of butadiene includes an electrolytic reduction process 2 that produces ethylene and oxygen from carbon dioxide and water as a raw material by electrolytic reduction, a butene producing process 3 that produces butene by dimerizing the ethylene produced in the electrolytic reduction process, a mixing process 4 that prepares a mixed gas by mixing the oxygen produced in the electrolytic reduction process, the butene produced in the butene producing process, and air, and a butadiene producing process 5 that produces butadiene by heating the mixed gas and oxidatively dehydrogenating the butene, wherein carbon dioxide by-produced in the butadiene producing process is used as a portion of the raw material in the electrolytic reduction process.

Abstract: A frame sheet comprises a core sheet, and oversheets. A recess is formed in the sheet frame. The oversheet is left in the recess in the sheet frame, and an IC carrier is mounted in the recess. The IC carrier is held, adhered to the oversheet left in the recess.

Abstract: A frame sheet comprises a core sheet, and oversheets. A recess is formed in the sheet frame. The oversheet is left in the recess in the sheet frame, and an IC carrier is mounted in the recess. The IC carrier is held, adhered to the oversheet left in the recess.

Abstract: A frame sheet comprises a core sheet, and oversheets. A recess is formed in the sheet frame. The oversheet is left in the recess in the sheet frame, and an IC carrier is mounted in the recess. The IC carrier is held, adhered to the oversheet left in the recess.

Abstract: A process for producing a modified phenolic resin, comprising heating a heavy oil or pitch of given average molecular weight and, per mol, calculated from the average molecular weight, of the heavy oil or pitch; 0.3 to 25 mol, in terms of formaldehyde, a formaldehyde compound and 0.5 to 50 mol of a phenol of the formula (I) (wherein R1 represents a linear or branched unsaturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 2 unsaturated bonds and having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, p is 1 or 2, X represents an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and q is 0 or 1) under stirring in the presence of an acid catalyst to thereby effect a polycondensation. The modified phenolic resin obtained by this process, as compared with the conventional modified phenolic resin produced from a heavy oil or pitch as a feedstock, has an extremely low softening point so as to be flowable at about room temperature and has also a low melt viscosity, thereby ensuring very excellent moldability.

Abstract: A frame sheet comprises a core sheet, and oversheets. A recess is formed in the sheet frame. The oversheet is left in the recess in the sheet frame, and an IC carrier is mounted in the recess. The IC carrier is held, adhered to the oversheet left in the recess.

Abstract: A 2H-5,6-optically active dihydropyran derivative represented by the general formula (I) or (I'): ##STR1## wherein Rf represents a fluoroalkyl group having 1 or 2 carbon atoms; a liquid crystal composition and a liquid crystal device comprising the derivative; and a racemic mixture comprising at least one type of the derivative. The derivative is a novel compound which exhibits the liquid crystal property by itself or can be used as an excellent dopant providing a high speed response to a composition comprising it even when the compound does not exhibit the liquid crystal property by itself. The derivative also exhibits a large spontaneous polarization.

Abstract: A 2H-5,6-optically active dihydropyran derivative represented by the general formula (I) or (I'): ##STR1## wherein Rf represents a fluoroalkyl group having 1 or 2 carbon atoms; a liquid crystal composition and a liquid crystal device comprising the derivative; and a racemic mixture comprising at least one type of the derivative. The derivative is a novel compound which exhibits the liquid crystal property by itself or can be used as an excellent dopant providing a high speed response to a composition comprising it even when the compound does not exhibit the liquid crystal property by itself. The derivative also exhibits a large spontaneous polarization.

Abstract: An optically active tetrahydropyran derivative represented by one of the following general formulae, a liquid crystal composition containing the derivative, and a liquid crystal device containing the composition are disclosed. The optically active tetrahydropyran derivative is a novel compound which is chemically stable, causes no coloring, has excellent optical stability, and shows a large spontaneous polarization and a quick response. The optically active tetrahydropyran derivative can show a more excellent quick response when it is used in a composition, and is useful as a component in a ferroelectric liquid crystal which induces a large spontaneous polarization.

Abstract: There are disclosed a novel optically active tetrahydropyrane derivatives (for example, (2R,5R,6R)-tetrahydro-6-trifluoromethyl-2-hexyloxy-5-(4"-hexyloxybiphenyl) -4'-carbonyloxy)pyrane; (2S,5R,6R)-tetrahydro-6-trifluoromethyl-2-hexyloxy-5-(4"-hexyloxybiphenyl) -4'-carbonyloxy)pyrane, etc. may be mentioned.) represented by the formula (I): ##STR1## or (I'): ##STR2## wherein symbols in the formula are as described in the specification, which is available as a liquid crystal material used for a display device or an electro-optic device, a liquid crystal composition and a liquid crystal device containing the same.The optically active tetrahydropyrane derivative of the present invention can improve high speed response particularly when it is made a composition, and is available as a compositional component for a ferroelectric liquid crystal which induces a large spontaneous polarization.

Abstract: A ferroelectric liquid crystal mixture containing at least one chiral compound, having negative dielectric anisotropy and exhibiting a chiral smectic C phase includes at least one compound selected from the group consisting of a compound represented by the following general Formula I and a compound represented by the following general Formula II: ##STR1## where R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are the same or different straight-chain or branched chain alkyl groups having 1 to 15 carbon atoms; X.sup.1 is a single bond, --O--, --COO--, or --OCO--; X.sup.2 is --O-- or --OCO--; Y is --COO-- or --CH.sub.2 O--; A and B are independently a group including a six membered ring which can be substituted by halogen, a cyano group, a lower alkoxy group, or a fluorine-containing alkyl group; and Z is a single bond, --COO--, or --OCO--.

Abstract: There are disclosed a novel optically active tetrahydropyrane derivatives (for example, (2R,5R,6R)-tetrahydro-6-trifluoromethyl-2-hexyloxy-5-(4"-hexyloxybiphenyl) -4'-carbonyloxy)pyrane; (2S,5R,6R)-tetrahydro-6-trifluoromethyl-2-hexyloxy-5-(4"-hexyloxybiphenyl) -4'-carbonyloxy)pyrane, etc. may be mentioned.) represented by the formula (I): ##STR1## or (I'): ##STR2## wherein symbols in the formula are as described in the specification, which is available as a liquid crystal material used for a display device or an electro-optic device, a liquid crystal composition and a liquid crystal device containing the same.The optically active tetrahydropyrane derivative of the present invention can improve high speed response particularly when it is made a composition, and is available as a compositional component for a ferroelectric liquid crystal which induces a large spontaneous polarization.

Abstract: There is disclosed an optically active fluorine-containing compound represented by the general formula (I) ##STR1## wherein Rf is a fluoroalkyl group having 1 or 2 carbon atoms; R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3, independently of one another, are each a hydrogen atom, a straight or branched chain alkyl group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 15 carbon atoms or an aralkyl group having 7 to 10 carbon atoms; and * is an asymmetric carbon atom. The above compound has a fluoroalkyl group with a remarkable electron-attracting property at the asymmetric carbon atom in the tetrahydropyran ring. It is exemplified by tetrahydro-6-trifluoromethyl-2-hexyloxy-4-methyl-5-hydroxypyran and expected to find a wide variety of useful applications as raw materials for an enzyme inhibitor, a bioactive substance, a carcinostatic, a ferroelectric liquid crystal, etc.