Abstract: The conventional pharmacotherapy for diseases caused by a disturbance of ocular circulation, inclusive of glaucoma, comprises oral administration of steroids and other drugs and/or topical administration of &bgr;-adrenergic antagonists but these therapeutic regimens are invariably not effective enough but rather entail adverse reactions characteristic of the respective drugs used.

Abstract: An agent for the prophylaxis and treatment of glaucoma, which contains a compound having a Rho kinase inhibitory activity, particularly an agent for the prophylaxis and treatment of glaucoma, which contains a compound of the formula (I) wherein each symbol is as defined in the specification, as the compound having a Rho kinase inhibitory activity, is provided. The agent for the prophylaxis and treatment of glaucoma of the present invention is a novel agent for the prophylaxis and treatment of glaucoma and has intraocular pressure lowering action, optic disc blood flow improving action and aqueous humor outflow promoting action.

Abstract: An agent for the prophylaxis and treatment of glaucoma, which contains a compound having a Rho kinase inhibitory activity, particularly an agent for the prophylaxis and treatment of glaucoma, which contains a compound of the formula (I) wherein each symbol is as defined in the specification, as the compound having a Rho kinase inhibitory activity, is provided. The agent for the prophylaxis and treatment of glaucoma of the present invention is a novel agent for the prophylaxis and treatment of glaucoma and has intraocular pressure lowering action, optic disc blood flow improving action and aqueous humor outflow promoting action.

Abstract: The present invention provides an anti-inflammatory medicament and an inhibitor of intraocular pressure rise due to laser irradiation, which contains 1,4-dihydropyridine derivative of the formula (I) wherein X1 and X2 are the same or different and each is hydrogen atom, fluoromethyl, fluoromethoxy, halogen, cyano or nitro, R1 is lower alkyl, R2 is acyl, alkoxycarbonyl, acylalkyl, N-alkyl-substituted carbamoylalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, alkoxycarbonylalkyl, acyloxyalkyl, nitratoalkyl, cyanoalkyl, hetero ring-alkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl, A is alkylene having a carbon atom bonded with two alkyls and 5 or more carbon atoms in total, and m is an integer of 1 to 3, or an acid addition salt thereof, as an active ingredient.

Abstract: An agent for the prophylaxis and treatment of glaucoma, which contains a compound having a Rho kinase inhibitory activity, particularly an agent for the prophylaxis and treatment of glaucoma, which contains a compound of the formula (I) 1

Abstract: An agent for ameliorating ocular circulatory disorder containing a 1,4-dihydropyridine derivative of the formula (I) wherein each symbol is as defined in the specification, or an acid addition salt thereof as an active ingredient. The agent for ameliorating ocular circulatory disorder containing the compound of the above formula (I) increases optic disc blood flow of normal eye particularly by instillation, and inhibits vasocontraction of retinal blood vessel, decrease in optic disc blood flow and attenuation of the amplitude of VEP caused by ET-1, without increasing the intraocular pressure.

Abstract: A pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating visual function disorders caused by ocular circulatory disorders (for example, ocular hypertension and glaucoma) and visual function disorders based on ciliary tension (for example, myopia) whose active component is a vasopressin antagonist.

Abstract: A pharmaceutical composition is provided for prophylaxis and treatment of a retinal disease in a human comprising (a) a compound of the formula I: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 independently from each other denote hydrogen or methyl group, or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof, and (b) a pharmacologically acceptable carrier therefor. Also provided are a method for prophylaxis and treatment of a retinal disease comprising administering such a compound and a use of such a compound for preparing a pharmaceutical composition for the same purpose.

Abstract: An agent for the prophylaxis and treatment of disturbance of visual function, which comprises a compound of the formula ?I! ##STR1## wherein A ring is optionally substituted;R.sub.1 is a hydrogen or an optionally protected amino; andR.sub.2 is a group capable of releasing a proton,or a salt thereof. The agent for the prophylaxis and treatment of disturbance of visual function of the present invention has superior preventive and therapeutic effect on asthenopia, and shows suppression of axial elongation, suppression of degradation of retinal functions and retinal function-recovery action. Hence, the agent can be advantageously used as a clinically applicable agent for the prophylaxis and treatment of disturbance of visual function.