Abstract: An aspect of the present invention provides a method of forming a plant body having a desired three dimensional shape. A method of producing a plant body in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention includes the step of forming a three-dimensional body which contains plant cells having differentiation ability.

Abstract: An aspect of the present invention provides a method of forming a plant body having a desired three dimensional shape. A method of producing a plant body in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention includes the step of forming a three-dimensional body which contains plant cells having differentiation ability.

Abstract: A pattern forming method of the present invention includes the steps of forming, on a substrate before droplets are ejected onto the substrate, a water repelling area, in which a contact angle between the droplet and the target surface is a first contact angle, and a water attracting line, which is adjacent to the water repelling area and in which a second contact angle is smaller than the first contact angle and which is to be the pattern to be formed; and landing droplets onto the target surface such that part of the droplet landed is in a water repelling area and part of the droplet landed is in a water attracting line, the equation (1) is satisfied, D?L×{1+2(cos ?2?cos ?1)}??(1) where D is a droplet diameter, L is a pattern width, ?1 is a first contact angle, and ?2 is a second contact angle. By decreasing the number of discharged droplets, it is possible to prevent increase of a tact time and decrease of an inkjet operating life.

Abstract: A blade member manufacturing process using no mold and a developer quantity control blade manufacturing process using this blade member are disclosed in which a material for the blade member is extruded onto a charge control face face-transferring sheet in a uniform thickness, and solidified to form a layer, and the layer is cut into the shape of a blade member.

Abstract: A blade member manufacturing process using no mold and a developer quantity control blade manufacturing process using this blade member are disclosed in which a material for the blade member is extruded onto a charge control face face-transferring sheet in a uniform thickness, and solidified to form a layer, and the layer is cut into the shape of a blade member.

Abstract: A pattern forming method of the present invention includes the steps of forming, on a substrate before droplets are ejected onto the substrate, a water repelling area, in which a contact angle between the droplet and the target surface is a first contact angle, and a water attracting line, which is adjacent to the water repelling area and in which a second contact angle is smaller than the first contact angle and which is to be the pattern to be formed; and landing droplets onto the target surface such that part of the droplet landed is in a water repelling area and part of the droplet landed is in a water attracting line, the equation (1) is satisfied, D?Lx{1+2(cos ?2?cos ?1)}??(1) where D is a droplet diameter, L is a pattern width, ?1 is a first contact angle, and ?2 is a second contact angle. By decreasing the number of discharged droplets, it is possible to prevent increase of a tact time and decrease of an inkjet operating life.

Abstract: A blade member manufacturing process using no mold and a developer quantity control blade manufacturing process using this blade member are disclosed in which a material for the blade member is extruded onto a charge control face face-transferring sheet in a uniform thickness, and solidified to form a layer, and the layer is cut into the shape of a blade member.

Abstract: A process cartridge mountable on a main body of an image forming apparatus comprises a frame, an image bearing member, process means acting on the image bearing member, and a bar code provided on the frame.

Abstract: An apparatus for producing a substrate having a surface with a plurality of spherical dimples suitable for light receiving members including: a cylindrical rotating vessel having an external wall face and an inner wall face surrounded by housing, a rotating vessel containing a plurality of freely movable rigid spheres therein to surface treat the substrate, the cylindrical rotating vessel having a plurality of perforations through which the smooth passage of a surface coating liquid is effected; a substrate support means placed within the cylindrical rotating vessel so as to be rotatable coaxially therewith; a spouting device for spouting the surface coating liquid through the plurality of perforations into the cylindrical rotating vessel, the spouting device is placed crosswise in the circular space circumscribed by the inner wall of the housing and the external wall face of the cylindrical rotating vessel in a horizontal plane to the central axis of the cylindrical rotating vessel; a storing tank for the su

Abstract: A developer cartridge includes a container having a developer discharge opening, and a table formed around the discharge opening. A slidable plate-shaped lid is slidably mounted on the table, and the lid includes first and second lid portions which are interconnected to each other. A film member is attached to the table and is peelably adhered around the discharge opening. The film member includes a sealing portion for closing the discharge opening, and a second portion folded back over the sealing portion. The second portion extends through the gaps between the first and second lid portions. A grip is fixed to a free end of the second portion of the film member and is provided with an urging portion releasably engaged with a plate surface of the lid.

Abstract: An opening of a developer container is sealed by a sealing member which is easy to tear in a predetermined direction. The sealing member is composed of a main portion having a tear strip portion, and a leader portion protruding from the main portion as an extension from the tear strip portion. The main portion seals the opening. The tear strip portion is torn off from the main portion by pulling the leader portion in the predetermined direction. The main portion is adhered to an adhesion area surrounding the opening. The adhesion area has a box-like area recessed in the predetermined direction, at a location facing a part of the main portion adjacent to the base portion of the tear strip portion.

Abstract: A coating method is disclosed, wherein a substrate is coated with a paint discharged through an aperture in the form of not a spray but a continuous string. The coating method is suitably applied to a process for producing a photosensitive member for electrophotography, wherein a paint for providing the photosensitive member, such as the one for providing a photosensitive layer or intermediate layer, is discharged onto a rotating cylindrical substrate to be wound thereabout preferably like a thread on a spool, followed by leveling to form a coating film.

Abstract: A surface-treated metal body comprises a metal body having a plurality of spherical indent recesses as irregularities formed on the surface, and further having fine irregularities formed in the spherical indent recesses.

Abstract: A developing apparatus for developing an electrostatic latent image includes a container for containing a developer, a rotatable developing roller for carrying the developer supplied from the developer container into a developing zone where the electrostatic latent image is developed, the developing roller having a developer carrying surface having fine concavities and finely smooth ironed surface portions.

Abstract: A surface-treated metal body comprises a metal body having a plurality of spherical indent recesses as irregularities formed on the surface, and further having fine irregularities formed in the spherical indent recesses.

Abstract: A light receiving member has a support and a light receiving layer. The light receiving layer has an inner layer composed of a-Si(Ge,Sn)(H,X) and an outer layer composed of a-Si(H,X) containing neither germanium atoms nor tin atoms. The support has an uneven surface of spherical dimples, each having an inside face provided with minute irregularities.The light receiving member exhibits high photosensitivity in the entire visible region of light; exhibits an excellent matching property with a semiconductor laser and shows quick light response. The member is suited for image formation by using coherent light, free from interference fringe patterns and spots upon reversed development even after repeated use for a long period of time. The member is free from defective images or blurring, shows high density with clear half tones, has a high resolving power, and can provide high quality images.

Abstract: A light receiving member has a support and a light receiving layer. The support has an uneven-shaped surface of a plurality of spherical dimples, each dimple having an identical radius of curvature R and an identical width D, wherein the ratio D/R of the width D to the radius of curvature R is from 0.03 to 0.07. The light receiving layer is a multi-layered structure having an outer layer which formed from an amorphous material containing silicon atoms as the main constituent and at least one of hydrogen atoms and halogen atoms. The light receiving layer contains an inner layer of amorphous silicon which also contains germanium and/or tin and hydrogen and/or halogen.The light receiving member, when used with a coherent laser beam as an optical source, acts to prevent the occurrence of an interference fringe pattern during image formation.

Abstract: A light receiving member has a support and a light receiving layer. The support has an uneven-shaped surface of a plurality of spherical dimples formed by the impact of a plurality of rigid true spheres on the surface of the support. Each of the dimples has an identical radius of curvature R and an identical width D, wherein the radio D/R of the width D to the radius of curvature R is from 0.03 to 0.07. The light receiving layer is a multi-layered structure having a free surface which formed from an amorphous material containing silicon atoms as the main constituent, at least one of oxygen atoms, carbon atoms and nitrogen atoms, and at least one of hydrogen atoms and halogen atoms. The light receiving layer contains a layer region which functions as a photosensitive layer.The light receiving member, when used with a coherent laser beam as an optical source, acts to prevent the occurrence of an interference fringe pattern during image formation.

Abstract: A light receiving member comprises a support and a light receiving layer having a photosensitive layer composed of a-Si(Ge,Sn)(H,X) or a-Si(Ge,Sn)(O,C,N)(H,X) and a surface layer composed of A-Si(O,C,N)(H,X), said support having a surface provided with irregularities composed of spherical dimples, each of which has an inside face provided with minute irregularities. The optical band gap possessed by the surface layer and the optical band gap possessed by the photosensitive layer on which the surface layer is disposed are matched at their interface. The light receiving member can effectively prevent the occurrence of interference fringes in the formed images. In addition, the light-receiving member forms visible images of excellent quality even when coherent laser beams are used as the light source. The member also effectively prevents reflection of incident light at the interface between the surface layer and the photosensitive layer.

Abstract: A surface treated metal member comprises a metal member having unevenness with a plurality of spherical mark impressions formed on the surface.