Abstract: A manufacturing method of a semiconductor device includes: forming a plurality of element structures in a form of matrix on a first surface of a semiconductor wafer; forming a crack extending in a thickness direction of the semiconductor wafer along a boundary between the element structures adjacent to each other by pressing a pressing member against a second surface of the semiconductor wafer opposite to the first surface along the boundary; and dividing the semiconductor wafer along the boundary by pressing a dividing member against the semiconductor wafer on a first surface side along the boundary.

Abstract: A minimum display unit forming a pattern, displayable by a light guide plate of a display device, has first and second prisms with reflective surfaces in a curved surface shape that is convex relative to an incident surface of the light guide plate. The first and second prisms are configured such that a ratio of light quantities from first and second light sources having different emission colors into the light guide plate, reflected by the reflective surface of the first prism, and directed to a predetermined direction is a first ratio; a ratio of light quantities from second and third light sources having different emission colors into the light guide plate, reflected by the reflective surface of the second prism, and directed to the predetermined direction is a second ratio. The first and second ratios are set such that the minimum display unit is displayed in a predetermined display color.

Abstract: When an optical element is transparent, an observer is enabled to visually recognize a stereoscopic image having a stereoscopic effect. A display method for a stereoscopic image, using a display device provided with a transparent light guide plate, includes: emitting light to be recognized by the observer as a stereoscopic image (I1) from an optical element; and displaying the stereoscopic image (I1) on a stereoscopic image forming plane (P1) not parallel to an outgoing surface (21) of the optical element. In the display method, the observer is able to visually recognize a rear surface side of the display device through the optical element.

Abstract: A first light guide plate and a second light guide plate are arranged facing each other. A microprojection group comprising a plurality of microprojections is arranged in the visual recognition region of the surface facing the first light guide plate in the second light guide plate. The plurality of microprojections have a height and arrangement that ensure a distance where interference fringes are not visually recognized between the first light guide plate and the second light guide plate in contact with the second light guide plate. The microprojection group and the dimples configuring a design part formed on the second light guide plate are formed on an identical surface.

Abstract: A display includes a light guide plate having an incident edge surface and an output surface; a plurality of light sources arranged opposed to the incident edge surface; and a plurality of prisms arranged in a main pattern on a surface, each prism having a reflective surface configured to reflect light from any of the plurality of light sources towards the output surface. A curvature of the reflective surface of a first prism arranged in a first sub-pattern of the main pattern, is different from a curvature of the reflective surface of a second prism arranged in a second sub-pattern of the main pattern.

Abstract: A first stereoscopic image display device includes a light guide plate having a plurality of reflectors and causes an observer to recognize an undistorted stereoscopic image even when the observer views a stereoscopic image from a high angle with respect to a direction normal to the front surface of the light guide plate. In a plan view from a direction vertical to an outgoing surface, when four quadrants are specified for each of the reflectors, the four quadrants taking a position of each of the reflectors as an origin, the four quadrants being divided by two straight lines orthogonal to each other and inclined 45° with respect to a direction in which the incident light is incident on each of the reflectors, light changed in the optical path by each of the reflectors is emitted to a quadrant adjacent to a quadrant on which incident light is incident.

Abstract: A display device according to one or more embodiments may include a lightguide plate comprising a transparent part, and an incident surface, the lightguide plate configured to display at least one pattern; and a light source facing the incident surface. The lightguide plate may include a plurality of prisms on a surface of the lightguide plate, the plurality of prisms being arranged along the at least one pattern to reflect light emitted from the light source and entering the lightguide plate through the incident surface out of the lightguide plate through an emission surface of the lightguide plate, and a transparent protective layer covering at least a part of the emission surface, the protective layer having a smaller refractive index than the lightguide plate.

Abstract: A first light guide plate and a second light guide plate are arranged facing each other. A microprojection group comprising a plurality of microprojections is arranged in the visual recognition region of the surface facing the first light guide plate in the second light guide plate. The plurality of microprojections have a height and arrangement that ensure a distance where interference fringes are not visually recognized between the first light guide plate and the second light guide plate in contact with the second light guide plate. The microprojection group and the dimples configuring a design part formed on the second light guide plate are formed on an identical surface.

Abstract: A first stereoscopic image display device (2) is provided with a light guide plate (20) including a plurality of reflectors (31a, 31b, 31c), the first stereoscopic image display device (2) causing an observer to recognize an undistorted stereoscopic image even when the observer views a stereoscopic image from an angle being a high angle with respect to a direction normal to the front surface of the light guide plate.

Abstract: A display is disclosed that may include: a light guide plate having an incident surface; and light sources arranged opposed to the incident surface. The light guide plate may include a plurality of prisms arranged in a pattern on a surface on one side and may have a reflective surface configured to reflect light from any of the plurality of light sources incident into the light guide plate from the incident surface, to be emitted from an outgoing surface on another side of the light guide plate. A curvature of the surface on one side of the reflective surface and of a first prism arranged in a first sub-pattern included in the pattern among the plurality of prisms is different from a curvature of the surface on one side and of a second prism arranged in a second sub-pattern.

Abstract: When an optical element is transparent, an observer is enabled to visually recognize a stereoscopic image having a stereoscopic effect. A display method for a stereoscopic image, using a display device provided with a transparent light guide plate, includes: emitting light to be recognized by the observer as a stereoscopic image (I1) from an optical element; and displaying the stereoscopic image (I1) on a stereoscopic image forming plane (P1) not parallel to an outgoing surface (21) of the optical element. In the display method, the observer is able to visually recognize a rear surface side of the display device through the optical element.

Abstract: A display device according to one or more embodiments may include a lightguide plate comprising a transparent part, and an incident surface, the lightguide plate configured to display at least one pattern; and a light source facing the incident surface. The lightguide plate may include a plurality of prisms on a surface of the lightguide plate, the plurality of prisms being arranged along the at least one pattern to reflect light emitted from the light source and entering the lightguide plate through the incident surface out of the lightguide plate through an emission surface of the lightguide plate, and a transparent protective layer covering at least a part of the emission surface, the protective layer having a smaller refractive index than the lightguide plate.

Abstract: A display device has a projector having a light guide plate that guides light incident from an end portion and deflects the light guided to emit the light from a projection surface facing a viewer in a first direction, the projector being configured to emit light from the projection surface to project an image in a space viewable by the viewer, and a rotator configured to rotate the projector around the first direction. When a first end on the projection surface is located at a first position being an upper side in a second direction orthogonal to the first direction, the image is viewed as a stereoscopic image by the viewer. When the rotator rotates the projector and the first end is located at a second position different from the first position, the image is viewed as a planar image by the viewer.

Abstract: An optical device includes a planar-image forming unit configured to emit light that forms a planar image of a predetermined shape in a space, and an outline-image forming unit configured to emit light that forms an outline image with a light intensity different from the light intensity of the planar image at the outer-edge region of the planar image.

Abstract: An optical device has a light guide plate configured to guide light within a plane parallel to an emission surface thereof, and a plurality of optical deflectors arranged two-dimensionally within a plane parallel to the emission surface. Each of the optical deflectors deflects light propagating through the light guide plate, and causes the emission surface to output light forming an image in a space. Each of the optical deflectors is configured to spread the light incident thereon that has an intensity distribution corresponding to an image in a direction orthogonal to the light guide direction of the light guide plate in a plane parallel to the emission surface, and cause the emission surface to output the light which groups the light from the plurality of optical deflectors arranged along a direction orthogonal to the light guide direction, such that light radiating from the image is formed.

Abstract: A display device for head-up display forms an image with a view of an object from above in a vertical direction in a space outside the display device for an image which presents an object with a vertical direction. The object includes a reference surface that is a reference of the vertical direction. The display device forms the image so that an observer has a view from the upper part of the reference surface.

Abstract: An optical device includes a light guide plate configured to guide light within a plane parallel to an emission surface, and a plurality of deflectors configured to deflect light guided thereto by the light guide plate, causing light forming an image in a space outside the light guide plate to exit from the emission surface. Each deflector in the plurality of deflectors cause the light to exit from the emission surface toward a direction substantially converging onto a single convergence point or convergence line in the space, or to substantially radiate from a single convergence point or convergence line in the space. The convergence point or the convergence line is mutually different among the plurality of deflectors with a grouping of a plurality of the convergence points or the convergence lines forming the image in the space.

Abstract: To provide a developer regulating member which can generate a uniform frictional charge even on a developer having a small size. A developer regulating member for regulating the thickness of the layer of a developer carried on the surface of a developer carrier, having: a regulating portion contacting with the developer, wherein the regulating portion includes a thermoplastic acrylic resin, and the thermoplastic acrylic resin has a first endothermic peak having a peak top at +50° C. or more and a second endothermic peak having a peak top at +20° C. or less on the differentiation curve of a DSC curve obtained when the temperature is raised from ?100° C. to 150° C. at a rate of temperature rise of 20.0° C./min using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).

Abstract: An optical device includes a light-guiding plate and light sources that each emit light to the light-guiding plate. The light-guiding plate has light convergence portions, the light substantially converges at or scatters from a convergence point or line, and an image is formed by a collection of the convergence points or lines, and a light convergence portion causes light to be emitted in directions in which the light substantially converges in or scatters from a range including a point located a first distance apart from the emission surface, and a second light convergence portion causes light to be emitted in directions in which the light substantially converges in or scatters from a range including a point located a second distance, which is longer than the first distance, apart from the emission surface, and the number of first light convergence portions is higher than the number of second light convergence portions.

Abstract: To provide a developer regulating member which can generate a uniform frictional charge even on a developer having a small size. A developer regulating member for regulating the thickness of the layer of a developer carried on the surface of a developer carrier, having: a regulating portion contacting with the developer, wherein the regulating portion includes a thermoplastic acrylic resin, and the thermoplastic acrylic resin has a first endothermic peak having a peak top at +50° C. or more and a second endothermic peak having a peak top at +20° C. or less on the differentiation curve of a DSC curve obtained when the temperature is raised from ?100° C. to 150° C. at a rate of temperature rise of 20.0° C./min using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).