Abstract: A system and method for automated estimation of average stopped delay at signalized intersections using digitized still image analysis of actual traffic flow is disclosed. The system and method includes digitizing images of an intersection and creating a line of pixels that acts as a virtual sensor in a traffic lane of interest. Background intensities of the pixel line on the traffic lane without vehicles are compared to pixel intensities on images with traffic. Once vehicles are identified, the present method and system provides for three alternative embodiments of methods for determining the stopped delay for an entire image or for a particular vehicle. Once the stopped delay for all relevant images or for all relevant vehicles is determined, the average stopped delay per vehicle is estimated.

Abstract: This invention provides an optical unit that does not require an operation of aligning the axis of the rod lens and the axis of the light condensing lens, and that can improve an assembling workability and reduce a cost with less number of forming processes and less number of components due to its downsized structure. In order to realize this optical unit provided are a light condensing section 41 and a light transmitting section 42 integrally formed at a distal end side of the light condensing section 41 with its axis coincided with an axis of the light condensing section 41.

Abstract: A manufacturing method of a microchemical chip made of a resin and having a micro channel, which comprises forming a photoresist film over the surface of one side of a metal support substratum, stacking a photomask for the formation of a channel pattern over the photoresist film, forming a minute-structure photoresist pattern over the metal support substratum by a photofabrication technology as a flat-sheet mold, disposing the flat-sheet mold or unit mold obtained by separating the flat-sheet mold on the bottom of a contour forming frame for resin molding, pouring a resin into the contour forming frame for resin molding and curing the resin to form a resin structure having a micro channel formed by the mold, and attaching the resin structure having a micro channel to a flat sheet to be a lid of the micro channel; and microchemical chips manufactured by this method.

Abstract: The invention provides a light irradiation apparatus that can adjust widening/narrowing of a light irradiation area and can guide almost whole of light emitted from an LED to the light irradiation area. The apparatus has an LED 11 and an optical unit 2 for making light for the LED 11 pass through itself and emit from its apical surface 21, and is equipped further with a supporting body 1A for holding the LED on the apical surface and a position adjustment mechanism for adjusting a relative position of the optical unit 2 to the LED 11 along an optical axis C direction.

Abstract: The light irradiation device is provided that can reduce moire interference with a simple and low-cost arrangement without sacrificing a compact design by comprising a transparent plate 31 which has a predetermined thickness and one of whose surfaces is arranged as an object facing surface 31a to face an object W such as a product on which light is to be irradiated, multiple reflecting sections 32 that are laid out on other surface of the transparent plate 31 with forming a microscopic space S therebetween with its light reflecting surface facing a direction of the object W, a light source section 5 arranged at a position where at least a part of the emitted light is transmitted, reaches the light reflecting surface, is reflected on the light reflecting surface and is emitted from the object facing surface 31a, and an antireflection film 33 that covers the object facing surface 31a.

Abstract: Diamond clusters are used as a polishing material of free abrading particles, each being a combination of artificial diamond particles having primary particle diameters of 20 nm or less and impurities that are attached around these diamond particles. The density of non-diamond carbon contained in the impurities is in the range of 95% or more and 99% or less, and the density of chlorine contained in other than non-diamond carbon in the impurities is 0.5% or more and preferably 3.5% or less. The diameters of these diamond clusters are in the range of 30 nm or more and 500 nm or less, and their average diameter is in the range of 30 nm or more and 200 nm or less.

Abstract: Diamond clusters are used as a polishing material of free abrading particles, each being a combination of artificial diamond particles having primary particle diameters of 20 nm or less and impurities that are attached around these diamond particles. The density of non-diamond carbon contained in the impurities is in the range of 95% or more and 99% or less, and the density of chlorine contained in other than non-diamond carbon in the impurities is 0.5% or more and preferably 3.5% or less. The diameters of these diamond clusters are in the range of 30 nm or more and 500 nm or less, and their average diameter is in the range of 30 nm or more and 200 nm or less. Such polishing material is produced first by an explosion shock method to obtain diamond clusters and then removing the impurities such that density of non-diamond carbon contained in the impurities and density of chlorine contained in other than non-diamond carbon in the impurities become adjusted.

Abstract: Texturing slurry for texturing a substrate for a magnetic hard disk is obtained by dispersing abrading particles of a specified kind in a specified kind of dispersant. The abrading particles include diamond clusters formed with artificial diamond particles with primary particle diameter of 20 nm or less and surrounded by impurities containing chlorine at a certain ratio. The cluster diameter and the average cluster diameter of the diamond clusters are each within a specified range. For texturing a substrate surface, the substrate is rotated, texturing slurry of this invention is supplied to the surface and a texturing tape of a specified kind is pressed against the substrate surface while it is caused to run.

Abstract: Diamond clusters are used as a polishing material of free abrading particles, each being a combination of artificial diamond particles having primary particle diameters of 20 nm or less and impurities that are attached around these diamond particles. The density of non-diamond carbon contained in the impurities is in the range of 95% or more and 99% or less, and the density of chlorine contained in other than non-diamond carbon in the impurities is 0.5% or more and preferably 3.5% or less. The diameters of these diamond clusters are in the range of 30 nm or more and 500 nm or less, and their average diameter is in the range of 30 nm or more and 200 nm or less. Such polishing material is produced first by an explosion shock method to obtain diamond clusters and then removing the impurities such that density of non-diamond carbon contained in the impurities and density of chlorine contained in other than non-diamond carbon in the impurities become adjusted.

Abstract: A transparent pad having a polishing surface with an average surface roughness of 5 ?m or less is used as a polishing pad. An indentation is formed on the back surface of the transparent pad such that its rate of light transmission is locally changed. The transparent pad has a rate of light transmission equal to or greater than 10% or preferably 30% for light of at least one wavelength in the range of 350 nm–900 nm.

Abstract: Texturing slurry for texturing a substrate for a magnetic hard disk is obtained by dispersing abrading particles of a specified kind in a specified kind of dispersant. The abrading particles include diamond clusters formed with artificial diamond particles with primary particle diameter of 20 nm or less and surrounded by impurities containing chlorine at a certain ratio. The cluster diameter and the average cluster diameter of the diamond clusters are each within a specified range. For texturing a substrate surface, the substrate is rotated, texturing slurry of this invention is supplied to the surface and a texturing tape of a specified kind is pressed against the substrate surface while it is caused to run.

Abstract: A cleaning sheet has a foamed layer on the surface of a plastic base sheet with the thickness in the range of 25 ?m or more and 125 ?m or less. The foamed layer has average diameter of air bubbles in the range of 1 ?m or more and 50 ?m or less and preferably 30 ?m or less, compressibility in the range of 3% or more and 7% or less, compression recovery ratio in the range of 40% or more and 60% or less, and the Shore D hardness in the range of 20 degrees or more and 30 degrees or less.

Abstract: A power transmission apparatus for an engine of a vehicle. The apparatus includes a starting clutch for smoothly connecting rotation of a crankshaft to a transmission upon starting of the vehicle, a hydrostatic continuously variable transmission for performing speed change depending upon a capacity difference between a swash plate hydraulic pump and a swash plate hydraulic motor to transmit rotation of the crankshaft at a reduced speed to a driving wheel, and a slider for moving a ball screw back and forth to change the angle of the swash plate of the swash plate hydraulic motor. The starting clutch can be a torque converter.

Abstract: A manufacturing method of a microchemical chip made of a resin and having a micro channel, which comprises forming a photoresist film over the surface of one side of a metal support substratum, stacking a photomask for the formation of a channel pattern over the photoresist film, forming a minute-structure photoresist pattern over the metal support substratum by a photofabrication technology as a flat-sheet mold, disposing the flat-sheet mold or unit mold obtained by separating the flat-sheet mold on the bottom of a contour forming frame for resin molding, pouring a resin into the contour forming frame for resin molding and curing the resin to form a resin structure having a micro channel formed by the mold, and attaching the resin structure having a micro channel to a flat sheet to be a lid of the micro channel; and microchemical chips manufactured by this method.

Abstract: A transparent pad having a polishing surface with an average surface roughness of 5 ?m or less is used as a polishing pad. An indentation is formed on the back surface of the transparent pad such that its rate of light transmission is locally changed. The transparent pad has a rate of light transmission equal to or greater than 10% or preferably 30% for light of at least one wavelength in the range of 350 nm-900 nm.

Abstract: A two-input logic gate circuit suitable for extremely high-speed operation, which operates on two differential signal pairs expressing respective logic inputs, includes a control signal generating circuit which converts the input differential signal pairs to two sets of differential control signal pairs respectively having first and second level ranges, to be supplied to a current switching section.

Abstract: A system and method for automated estimation of average stopped delay at signalized intersections using digitized still image analysis of actual traffic flow is disclosed. The system and method includes digitizing images of an intersection and creating a line of pixels that acts as a virtual sensor in a traffic lane of interest. Background intensities of the pixel line on the traffic lane without vehicles are compared to pixel intensities on images with traffic. Once vehicles are identified, the present method and system provides for three alternative embodiments of methods for determining the stopped delay for an entire image or for a particular vehicle. Once the stopped delay for all relevant images or for all relevant vehicles is determined, the average stopped delay per vehicle is estimated.

Abstract: A polishing pad is formed with a non-foamed member shaped as a plate having a flat surface and abrading particles affixed inside and on the surfaces of this non-foamed member. Its average surface roughness is in the range of 0.5 ?m-10 ?m, and its Shore D hardness is within the range of 50-85. Grooves are formed on the surface of the polishing pad for collecting debris generated during the polishing operation and serving also as flow routes of a polishing liquid for distributing it uniformly over the surface of the polishing pad.

Abstract: A time card may have first and second card identifying sections disposed on opposite faces of the time card. The first card identifying section stores a most significant value of an identification of the time card, and the second card identifying section stores a least significant value of the card's identification. When combined to form a single value, the most and least significant values provide the time card identification. Also, a printing position indicator on the card identifies an initial printing position for the first and second card identifying sections to a time card recorder.