Abstract: An optical apparatus includes an optical component, a support mechanism configured to support the optical component, a manipulation mechanism configured to manipulate the optical component while contacting the optical component such that a state of the optical component is changed. The optical component is changed by the manipulation mechanism from a first state in which the optical component is supported by the support mechanism to a second state in which the optical component is supported by the manipulation mechanism.

Abstract: There is provided a projection optical system that projects an image of an object onto an image plane. The projection optical system includes an imaging optical system including a first concave mirror, a convex mirror, and a second concave mirror; an optical member having a first reflecting surface and a second reflecting surface each redirecting an optical path; and a supporting member that supports the convex mirror. The first reflecting surface, the first concave mirror, the convex mirror, the second concave mirror, and the second reflecting surface are provided in that order in a direction of travel of light from an object plane. The optical member has a through hole having an opening on a side facing the convex mirror. The supporting member extends through the through hole and from the opening to the convex mirror.

Abstract: An optical apparatus includes an optical component, a support mechanism configured to support the optical component, a manipulation mechanism configured to manipulate the optical component while contacting the optical component such that a state of the optical component is changed. The optical component is changed by the manipulation mechanism from a first state in which the optical component is supported by the support mechanism to a second state in which the optical component is supported by the manipulation mechanism.

Abstract: There is provided a projection optical system that projects an image of an object onto an image plane. The projection optical system includes an imaging optical system including a first concave mirror, a convex mirror, and a second concave mirror; an optical member having a first reflecting surface and a second reflecting surface each redirecting an optical path; and a supporting member that supports the convex mirror. The first reflecting surface, the first concave mirror, the convex mirror, the second concave mirror, and the second reflecting surface are provided in that order in a direction of travel of light from an object plane. The optical member has a through hole having an opening on a side facing the convex mirror. The supporting member extends through the through hole and from the opening to the convex mirror.

Abstract: A method for producing a binder composition for a storage battery device, which comprises an emulsion polymerization step of emulsion polymerizing a monomer mixture containing a fluorinated vinyl monomer in the presence of a first anionic emulsifying agent (A), an aqueous medium and a radical polymerization initiator to obtain a latex containing a fluorinated polymer, and a post addition step of adding a second anionic emulsifying agent (B) to the latex. The first anionic emulsifying agent (A) has no phenyl group in its molecule, and the second anionic emulsifying agent (B) has a phenyl group in its molecule.

Abstract: To provide a binder composition for a storage battery device, which has good dispersion property and good adhesion, whereby an electrode mixture for a storage battery device will have good coating property, and a secondary battery will have good charge and discharge characteristics. A binder composition for a storage battery device, which comprises a fluorinated copolymer comprising units (a) based on chlorotrifluoroethylene or the like, units (b) based on an alkyl vinyl ether, units (c) based on a vinyl ether having a hydroxy group or an epoxy group and units (d) based on a macromonomer having a hydrophilic portion, and a liquid medium.

Abstract: In one aspect, a device includes a processor, a display accessible to the processor, and memory accessible to the processor. The memory bears instructions executable by the processor to provide sound corresponding to a portion of text presented on the display with at least one portion of the sound being provided as if originating at least substantially from a location on the display at which the portion of text is presented on the display.

Abstract: In one aspect, a device includes a processor, a display accessible to the processor, and memory accessible to the processor. The memory bears instructions executable by the processor to provide sound corresponding to a portion of text presented on the display with at least one portion of the sound being provided as if originating at least substantially from a location on the display at which the portion of text is presented on the display.

Abstract: To provide a positive electrode material mixture for a non-aqueous secondary battery, which is less likely to be gelled and has a good applicability to a current collector, and is capable of producing a battery capable of sufficiently exhibiting practical performance. A positive electrode material mixture which comprises a cathode active material, a binder containing a fluorinated copolymer having polymerized units derived from tetrafluoroethylene and polymerized units derived from propylene, and an aqueous medium, wherein the cathode active material is that the pH of a supernatant obtained by mixing the cathode active material with water is at least 10, and a positive electrode and a secondary battery, obtainable by employing it.

Abstract: To provide a method for producing a binder composition for a storage battery device, which is excellent in the dispersion stability, whereby properties of an electrode to be obtained are excellent. A method for producing a binder composition for a storage battery device, which comprises an emulsion polymerization step of emulsion polymerizing a monomer mixture containing a fluorinated vinyl monomer in the presence of the following anionic emulsifying agent (A), an aqueous medium and a radical polymerization initiator to obtain a latex containing a fluorinated polymer, and a post addition step of adding the following anionic emulsifying agent (B) to the latex: anionic emulsifying agent (A): an anionic emulsifying agent having no phenyl group in its molecule, anionic emulsifying agent (B): an anionic emulsifying agent having a phenyl group in its molecule.

Abstract: To provide a fluorinated elastic copolymer which is excellent in crosslinking reactivity and extrusion moldability and which is curable to obtain a rubber excellent in permanent compression set resistance, base resistance and oil resistance and particularly suitable as a covering material for electric wires. A fluorinated elastic copolymer obtained by copolymerizing tetrafluoroethylene, propylene and optionally another monomer, wherein the molar ratio (a)/(b) of repeating units (a) derived from tetrafluoroethylene to repeating units (b) derived from propylene in the fluorinated elastic copolymer is from 60/40 to 75/25, and repeating units (c) derived from said another monomer is from 0 to 10 mol % in the fluorinated elastic copolymer.

Abstract: To provide a fluorinated elastic copolymer composition, and a cross-linked rubber member obtained by crosslinking the fluorinated elastic copolymer composition, which is excellent in hot water resistance and steam resistance under severe conditions. A fluorinated elastic copolymer composition, which comprises a fluorinated elastic copolymer and a compound represented by the following formula (1) wherein the compound represented by the following formula (1) is contained in an amount of from 0.1 to 10 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the fluorinated elastic copolymer: (RCOO?)nMn+??(1) (wherein R is a C10-30 organic group, n is an integer of 2 or 3, and M is an alkaline earth metal, Zn, Cd, Co, Sn, Cu, Pb, Ni or Al).

Abstract: To provide a fluorinated elastic copolymer having high crosslinkability, having high flowability and excellent in the compression set and the resistance to bases, and its production process. A process for producing a fluorinated elastic copolymer, which comprises copolymerizing (a) tetrafluoroethylene and (b) propylene and as the case requires, (c) a perfluoro(alkyl vinyl ether) in the presence of an iodine compound represented by the formula RI2 (wherein R is a hydrocarbon group or perfluoroalkyl group having at least 3 carbon atoms) at a temperature of from 0° C. to 50° C., and a fluorinated elastic copolymer obtained by the production process.

Abstract: To provide a positive electrode material mixture for a non-aqueous secondary battery, which is less likely to be gelled and has a good applicability to a current collector, and is capable of producing a battery capable of sufficiently exhibiting practical performance. A positive electrode material mixture which comprises a cathode active material, a binder containing a fluorinated copolymer having polymerized units derived from tetrafluoroethylene and polymerized units derived from propylene, and an aqueous medium, wherein the cathode active material is that the pH of a supernatant obtained by mixing the cathode active material with water is at least 10, and a positive electrode and a secondary battery, obtainable by employing it.

Abstract: To provide a fluorinated elastic copolymer which is excellent in crosslinking reactivity and extrusion moldability and which is curable to obtain a rubber excellent in permanent compression set resistance, base resistance and oil resistance and particularly suitable as a covering material for electric wires. A fluorinated elastic copolymer obtained by copolymerizing tetrafluoroethylene, propylene and optionally another monomer, wherein the molar ratio (a)/(b) of repeating units (a) derived from tetrafluoroethylene to repeating units (b) derived from propylene in the fluorinated elastic copolymer is from 60/40 to 75/25, and repeating units (c) derived from said another monomer is from 0 to 10 mol % in the fluorinated elastic copolymer.

Abstract: To provide a fluorinated elastic copolymer having a high crosslinkability and flowability and excellent in the compression set and the resistance to bases, and a process for its production, and a crosslinked rubber. A fluorinated elastic copolymer having repeating units (A) based on at least one monomer (a) selected from the group consisting of tetrafluoroethylene, hexafluoropropylene, vinylidene fluoride, chlorotrifluoroethylene and a perfluoro(alkyl vinyl ether), repeating units (B) based on at least one monomer (b) selected from the group consisting of vinyl crotonate, divinyl adipate and 1,4-butanediol divinyl ether and, as the case requires, repeating units (C) based on at least one monomer (c) selected from ethylene or propylene, and having iodine atoms, and a crosslinked rubber obtained by crosslinking the fluorinated elastic copolymer by an organic peroxide.

Abstract: The present invention provides a fluorinated polymer excellent in the crosslinking reactivity, crosslinked rubber physical properties and chemical resistance, and its crosslinked rubber. A fluorinated polymer comprising repeating units (a) based on at least one monomer selected from the group consisting of ethylenic unsaturated compounds each having a hydroxyphenyl group, repeating units (b) based on at least one fluoromonomer selected from the group consisting of tetrafluoroethylene, hexafluoropropylene, vinylidene fluoride, 3,3,3-trifluoropropene, 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, 1,1,2-trifluoroethylene, vinyl fluoride, 1,2-difluoroethylene and CF2?CF—O—Rf (wherein Rf is a C1-8 saturated perfluoroalkyl group or a perfluoro(alkoxyalkyl) group) and, if necessary, repeating units (c) based on at least one hydrocarbon monomer selected from the group consisting of ethylene, propylene and CH2?CH—O—R1.

Abstract: To provide a fluorinated elastic copolymer composition, and a cross-linked rubber member obtained by crosslinking the fluorinated elastic copolymer composition, which is excellent in hot water resistance and steam resistance under severe conditions. A fluorinated elastic copolymer composition, which comprises a fluorinated elastic copolymer and a compound represented by the following formula (1) wherein the compound represented by the following formula (1) is contained in an amount of from 0.1 to 10 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the fluorinated elastic copolymer: (RCOO?)nMn+??(1) (wherein R is a C10-30 organic group, n is an integer of 2 or 3, and M is an alkaline earth metal, Zn, Cd, Co, Sn, Cu, Pb, Ni or Al).

Abstract: To provide a fluorinated elastic copolymer having high crosslinkability, having high flowability and excellent in the compression set and the resistance to bases, and its production process. A process for producing a fluorinated elastic copolymer, which comprises copolymerizing (a) tetrafluoroethylene and (b) propylene and as the case requires, (c) a perfluoro(alkyl vinyl ether) in the presence of an iodine compound represented by the formula RI2 (wherein R is a hydrocarbon group or perfluoroalkyl group having at least 3 carbon atoms) at a temperature of from 0° C. to 50° C., and a fluorinated elastic copolymer obtained by the production process.

Abstract: The present invention provides a fluorinated polymer excellent in the crosslinking reactivity, crosslinked rubber physical properties and chemical resistance, and its crosslinked rubber. A fluorinated polymer comprising repeating units (a) based on at least one monomer selected from the group consisting of ethylenic unsaturated compounds each having a hydroxyphenyl group, repeating units (b) based on at least one fluoromonomer selected from the group consisting of tetrafluoroethylene, hexafluoropropylene, vinylidene fluoride, 3,3,3-trifluoropropene, 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, 1,1,2-trifluoroethylene, vinyl fluoride, 1,2-difluoroethylene and CF2?CF—O—Rf (wherein Rf is a C1-8 saturated perfluoroalkyl group or a perfluoro(alkoxyalkyl) group) and, if necessary, repeating units (c) based on at least one hydrocarbon monomer selected from the group consisting of ethylene, propylene and CH2?CH—O—R1.