Abstract: A method for uplink (UL) wireless backhaul communication at a wireless backhaul remote unit in a radio access network comprising receiving a configuration for radio frames and a transmission schedule through a downlink (DL) physical layer broadcast channel, wherein the transmission schedule comprises a transmission allocation for the remote unit, generating a UL data frame, wherein generating the UL data frame comprises performing forward error correction (FEC) encoding on a data bit stream to generate a plurality of FEC codewords, wherein performing the FEC encoding comprises performing Reed Solomon (RS) encoding on the data bit stream to generate a plurality of RS codewords, performing byte interleaving on the RS codewords, and performing Turbo encoding on the byte interleaved RS codewords to generate one or more Turbo codewords, wherein each Turbo codeword is encoded from more than one RS codeword, and transmitting the UL data frame according to the transmission allocation.

Abstract: A method for incorporating invisible APs for RSSI based indoor positioning is presented. An empirical estimate of the probability of invisible APs versus distance is computed. An estimated position of the receiver can be computed using any statistical estimator based on the probability. In one embodiment, an estimate of the probability is computed by combining the probability over a set of visible APs and the probability over a set of invisible APs with the probability of individual contribution. In one embodiment a dynamic procedure is used to update the invisible probability that is computed using an AP dictionary built on the fly as new APs are detected. Incorporating invisible APs for estimating user position from the RSSI measurements for indoor positioning provides a better positioning accuracy as compared to typical estimators which rely only on the visible APs.

Abstract: The breadth-first search (BFS) starts with a root node. In the first stage, all neighbors of the root node are discovered and added to the nodes frontier. In the following stages, unvisited nodes from the neighbors of the frontier nodes are discovered and added to the frontier. To improve the parallelization of the BFS, the bottom-up search iterates over all unvisited nodes, where each unvisited node searches for its visited neighbors. Communication between nodes and clusters is pipelined with the execution of the BFS.

Abstract: To enable lossless compression, an auxiliary bitmap is used to provide side information about the graph bitmap. Each bit in the auxiliary bitmap represents a word in the graph bitmap. A zero bit in the auxiliary bitmap means that the corresponding word in the graph bitmap is not transmitted. Therefore, it is set to the default value, ?, during decompression. This default value could be either an all-zeros word, or all-ones word depending on the BFS step. A one bit in the auxiliary bitmap means that the corresponding word in the graph bitmap is transmitted.

Abstract: A position estimation method for indoor positioning includes filtering an initial position estimate that includes a corresponding covariance that reflects the quality of the geometry of the reference points and a previous initial position estimate that includes a corresponding covariance that reflects the quality of the geometry of the reference points by a Kalman filter to generate an updated previous position estimate, analyzing the updated previous position estimate to determine if the value is outside of a range, and constraining the updated previous position estimate based on the value being outside of the range.

Abstract: A method for uplink (UL) wireless backhaul communication at a wireless backhaul remote unit in a radio access network comprising receiving a configuration for radio frames and a transmission schedule through a downlink (DL) physical layer broadcast channel, wherein the transmission schedule comprises a transmission allocation for the remote unit, generating a UL data frame, wherein generating the UL data frame comprises performing forward error correction (FEC) encoding on a data bit stream to generate a plurality of FEC codewords, wherein performing the FEC encoding comprises performing Reed Solomon (RS) encoding on the data bit stream to generate a plurality of RS codewords, performing byte interleaving on the RS codewords, and performing Turbo encoding on the byte interleaved RS codewords to generate one or more Turbo codewords, wherein each Turbo codeword is encoded from more than one RS codeword, and transmitting the UL data frame according to the transmission allocation.

Abstract: A position estimation method for indoor positioning includes filtering an initial position estimate that includes a corresponding covariance that reflects the quality of the geometry of the reference points and a previous initial position estimate that includes a corresponding covariance that reflects the quality of the geometry of the reference points by a Kalman filter to generate an updated previous position estimate, analyzing the updated previous position estimate to determine if the value is outside of a range, and constraining the updated previous position estimate based on the value being outside of the range.

Abstract: A position estimation method for indoor positioning includes filtering an initial position estimate that includes a corresponding covariance that reflects the quality of the geometry of the reference points and a previous initial position estimate that includes a corresponding covariance that reflects the quality of the geometry of the reference points by a Kalman filter to generate an updated previous position estimate, analyzing the updated previous position estimate to determine if the value is outside of a range, and constraining the updated previous position estimate based on the value being outside of the range.

Abstract: A method for uplink (UL) wireless backhaul communication at a wireless backhaul remote unit in a radio access network comprising receiving a configuration for radio frames and a transmission schedule through a downlink (DL) physical layer broadcast channel, wherein the transmission schedule comprises a transmission allocation for the remote unit, generating a UL data frame, wherein generating the UL data frame comprises performing forward error correction (FEC) encoding on a data bit stream to generate a plurality of FEC codewords, wherein performing the FEC encoding comprises performing Reed Solomon (RS) encoding on the data bit stream to generate a plurality of RS codewords, performing byte interleaving on the RS codewords, and performing Turbo encoding on the byte interleaved RS codewords to generate one or more Turbo codewords, wherein each Turbo codeword is encoded from more than one RS codeword, and transmitting the UL data frame according to the transmission allocation.

Abstract: A system and method for providing error control coding for backhaul applications are disclosed. Data is first encoded using Reed-Solomon (RS) coding. The output RS blocks are then turbo coded. The size of the output RS blocks is selected to match the input of the turbo encoder. The bits from the RS blocks may be interleaved to create the input turbo blocks. Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) parity bits may be added to the data prior to RS coding.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention provide a method of decoding of hexagonal constellations. The decoding methods exploit the inherent structure of the hexagonal grid to eliminate/minimize the requirements for distance computations. A constellation which has unused constellation points is received. A plurality of lookup tables is used for indicating whether a particular constellation point is used. The lookup tables are indexed using the two integers u and v. An initial estimate ? and v is found. The Euclidean distance to the immediate neighbors resulting in the immediate upper and lower integers for ? and v is computed. From the distance to the nearest neighbor, the log-likelihood ratio value is computed.

Abstract: A wireless device that includes an access point (AP) scanner, a transceiver, and a controller coupled to the AP scanner and transceiver. The AP scanner is configured to scan wireless network channels utilized by one or more APs to transmit data packets, probe responses, and beacons. The transceiver is configured to transmit one or more probe requests to the one or more APs and receive one or more probe responses and beacons from the one or more APs. The controller is configured to determine a proximate geographic position of the wireless device based on signal strength of the one or more probe responses and beacons received from the one or more APs. The controller also dynamically adapts a parameter utilized in determining the proximate geographic position of the wireless device.

Abstract: A mobile wireless device that includes a positioning system to determine a position of the mobile wireless device and to compensate a received signal strength indicator (RSSI) signal received from an access point (AP) when there is a line-of-sight (LOS) channel and the positioning system determines the body of the user of the mobile wireless device is attenuating the received RSSI signal due to the user's body being between the mobile wireless device and the AP.

Abstract: A method to improve position estimates including computing, by a wireless device, a predicted future position of the wireless device from a current location estimate, computing, by the wireless device, a priori probability associated with future position candidates based on the predicted future position, and updating, by the wireless device, the future position candidates with the associated a priori probability.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for transcoding audio data. The method includes determining if AAC joint stereo exists, running a reference AC-3 rematrixing when the AAC joint stereo does not exist, when AAC joint stereo does exist, enabling rematrixing when the number of corresponding AAC bands is greater than half the size of the band, otherwise, running reference AC-3 rematrixing.

Abstract: A position estimation method for indoor positioning includes filtering an initial position estimate that includes a corresponding covariance that reflects the quality of the geometry of the reference points and a previous initial position estimate that includes a corresponding covariance that reflects the quality of the geometry of the reference points by a Kalman filter to generate an updated previous position estimate, analyzing the updated previous position estimate to determine if the value is outside of a range, and constraining the updated previous position estimate based on the value being outside of the range.

Abstract: A method for communicating over a wireless backhaul channel comprising generating a radio frame comprising a plurality of time slots, wherein each time slot comprises a plurality of symbols in time and a plurality of sub-carriers in a system bandwidth, broadcasting a broadcast channel signal comprising a transmission schedule to a plurality of remote units in a number of consecutive sub-carriers centered about a direct current (DC) sub-carrier in at least one of the time slots in the radio frame regardless of the system bandwidth, and transmitting a downlink (DL) control channel signal and a DL data channel signal to a first of the remote units, wherein the DL data channel signal is transmitted by employing a single carrier block transmission scheme comprising a Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) spreading for frequency diversity.

Abstract: A method for uplink (UL) wireless backhaul communication at a wireless backhaul remote unit in a radio access network comprising receiving a configuration for radio frames and a transmission schedule through a downlink (DL) physical layer broadcast channel, wherein the transmission schedule comprises a transmission allocation for the remote unit, generating a UL data frame, wherein generating the UL data frame comprises performing forward error correction (FEC) encoding on a data bit stream to generate a plurality of FEC codewords, wherein performing the FEC encoding comprises performing Reed Solomon (RS) encoding on the data bit stream to generate a plurality of RS codewords, performing byte interleaving on the RS codewords, and performing Turbo encoding on the byte interleaved RS codewords to generate one or more Turbo codewords, wherein each Turbo codeword is encoded from more than one RS codeword, and transmitting the UL data frame according to the transmission allocation.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention provide a methods for the assignment of codewords to the available constellation points to minimize the Hamming distance between adjacent codewords. An hexagonal constellation is modeled as a two-dimensional trellis with an horizontal axis varying across a plurality of constellation points and a vertical axis varying across a plurality of codewords [0, 1, . . . , N?1]. A best path through the trellis is found to select a single constellation point per each codeword where a codeword is to be assigned. A each state in the transition across the trellis diagram, a current score and the best path that leads to the state is stored in a memory. Each codeword is assigned to the selected constellation point. The hexagonal constellation is used for transmitting data in a communication system.

Abstract: A method for incorporating invisible APs for RSSI based indoor positioning is presented. An empirical estimate of the probability of invisible APs versus distance is computed. An estimated position of the receiver can be computed using any statistical estimator based on the probability. In one embodiment, an estimate of the probability is computed by combining the probability over a set of visible APs and the probability over a set of invisible APs with the probability of individual contribution. In one embodiment a dynamic procedure is used to update the invisible probability that is computed using an AP dictionary built on the fly as new APs are detected. Incorporating invisible APs for estimating user position from the RSSI measurements for indoor positioning provides a better positioning accuracy as compared to typical estimators which rely only on the visible APs.