Abstract: The present invention proposes a method for automatic identification of the nature of a hydrocarbon production well, the nature of the associated reservoir and possible limits of this reservoir. It consists in processing the recordings of the value of the pressure at the well bottom, in particular by employing the second derivative of a function of the pressure with respect to a function of time, as well as particularly efficient means for smoothing and filtering the processed signals. The invention allows a large number of models to be taken into account and gives real solutions to the problems posed by the identification of hydrocarbon production wells. It constitutes an excellent tool for acquiring knowledge regarding hydrocarbon deposits which is necessary for exploiting them rationally.