Abstract: A mortar composition, which includes (i) a treated palm oil fuel ash, wherein the treated palm oil fuel ash is the only binder present, (ii) a fine aggregate, (iii) an alkali activator containing an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate, and (iv) aluminum hydroxide as a strength enhancer. A cured mortar made from the mortar composition is also disclosed with advantageous compressive strength properties.

Abstract: A mortar composition, which includes (i) a treated palm oil fuel ash, wherein the treated palm oil fuel ash is the only binder present, (ii) a fine aggregate, (iii) an alkali activator containing an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate, and (iv) aluminum hydroxide as a strength enhancer. A cured mortar made from the mortar composition is also disclosed with advantageous compressive strength properties.

Abstract: A mortar composition, which includes (i) a treated palm oil fuel ash, wherein the treated palm oil fuel ash is the only binder present, (ii) a fine aggregate, (iii) an alkali activator containing an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate, and (iv) aluminum hydroxide as a strength enhancer. A cured mortar made from the mortar composition is also disclosed with advantageous compressive strength properties.

Abstract: A concrete composition that includes (i) a treated palm oil fuel ash, wherein the treated palm oil fuel ash is the only binder present, (ii) a fine aggregate, (iii) a coarse aggregate, and (iv) an alkali activator containing an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate. A cured concrete made from the concrete composition is also disclosed with advantageous compressive strength properties.

Abstract: A concrete composition that includes (i) a treated palm oil fuel ash, wherein the treated palm oil fuel ash is the only binder present, (ii) a fine aggregate, (iii) a coarse aggregate, and (iv) an alkali activator containing an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate. A cured concrete made from the concrete composition is also disclosed with advantageous compressive strength properties.

Abstract: A concrete composition that includes (i) a treated palm oil fuel ash, wherein the treated palm oil fuel ash is the only binder present, (ii) a fine aggregate, (iii) a coarse aggregate, and (iv) an alkali activator containing an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate. A cured concrete made from the concrete composition is also disclosed with advantageous compressive strength properties.

Abstract: A concrete composition that includes (i) a treated palm oil fuel ash, wherein the treated palm oil fuel ash is the only binder present, (ii) a fine aggregate, (iii) a coarse aggregate, and (iv) an alkali activator containing an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate. A cured concrete made from the concrete composition is also disclosed with advantageous compressive strength properties.

Abstract: A concrete composition that includes (i) a treated palm oil fuel ash, wherein the treated palm oil fuel ash is the only binder present, (ii) a fine aggregate, (iii) a coarse aggregate, and (iv) an alkali activator containing an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate. A cured concrete made from the concrete composition is also disclosed with advantageous compressive strength properties.

Abstract: A mortar composition, which includes (i) a treated palm oil fuel ash, wherein the treated palm oil fuel ash is the only binder present, (ii) a fine aggregate, (iii) an alkali activator containing an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate, and (iv) aluminum hydroxide as a strength enhancer. A cured mortar made from the mortar composition is also disclosed with advantageous compressive strength properties.

Abstract: A concrete composition that includes (i) a treated palm oil fuel ash, wherein the treated palm oil fuel ash is the only binder present, (ii) a fine aggregate, (iii) a coarse aggregate, and (iv) an alkali activator containing an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate. A cured concrete made from the concrete composition is also disclosed with advantageous compressive strength properties.

Abstract: A mortar composition, which includes (i) a treated palm oil fuel ash, wherein the treated palm oil fuel ash is the only binder present, (ii) a fine aggregate, (iii) an alkali activator containing an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate, and (iv) aluminum hydroxide as a strength enhancer. A cured mortar made from the mortar composition is also disclosed with advantageous compressive strength properties.

Abstract: A method of making a structural lightweight and thermal insulating concrete is described. The concrete has a coarse aggregate partly replaced by recycled plastic pieces. This enables the concrete to maintain a high compressive strength, low thermal conductivity, and low weight, while providing a use for waste plastic. The waste plastic pieces may comprise polyethylene in the form of flakes, fibers, or granules. Due to its low unit weight, adequate compressive strength and high thermal resistance the developed concrete can be used as a structural lightweight and thermal insulating concrete. The use of this concrete leads to economic and environmental benefits.

Abstract: A method of producing submicron carbon particles from oil ash. The method comprises pyrolyzing the oil ash to produce a pyrolyzed oil ash and milling the pyrolyzed oil ash to produce carbon particles having a mean particle size in the submicron regime. The method produces submicron carbon particles which have a very high carbon content (90 to 99 atom %) and a very low content of oxygen, the particles having a ratio of carbon to oxygen ratio of 10:1 to 99:1. The size of the particles may be controlled by the duration of the milling. The submicron carbon particles are devoid of functionalities containing carbon-oxygen double bonds as measured by Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).

Abstract: A concrete composition that includes (i) a treated palm oil fuel ash, wherein the treated palm oil fuel ash is the only binder present, (ii) a fine aggregate, (iii) a coarse aggregate, and (iv) an alkali activator containing an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate. A cured concrete made from the concrete composition is also disclosed with advantageous compressive strength properties.

Abstract: A mortar composition, which includes (i) a treated palm oil fuel ash, wherein the treated palm oil fuel ash is the only binder present, (ii) a fine aggregate, (iii) an alkali activator containing an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate, and (iv) aluminum hydroxide as a strength enhancer. A cured mortar made from the mortar composition is also disclosed with advantageous compressive strength properties.

Abstract: Concrete compositions containing cement, a fine aggregate such as sand, a coarse aggregate such as crushed limestone, an industrial waste material such as electric arc furnace dust, cement kiln dust, oil ash, or limestone powder. High performance concretes made therefrom and methods of producing such concretes are also specified. The addition of industrial waste materials and nano silica provides enhanced mechanical strength (e.g. compressive strength, flexural strength) and improved durability (e.g. resistance to penetration of chloride ions) to the high performance concretes.

Abstract: A method of making a structural lightweight and thermal insulating concrete is described. The concrete has a coarse aggregate partly replaced by recycled plastic pieces. This enables the concrete to maintain a high compressive strength, low thermal conductivity, and low weight, while providing a use for waste plastic. The waste plastic pieces may comprise polyethylene in the form of flakes, fibers, or granules. Due to its low unit weight, adequate compressive strength and high thermal resistance the developed concrete can be used as a structural lightweight and thermal insulating concrete. The use of this concrete leads to economic and environmental benefits.

Abstract: A green concrete and mortar compositions free of Portland cement are disclosed. The compositions comprise Natural pozzolan, nanosilica particles, and alkaline activator. The green concrete produced from the composition of the invention is cured at ambient temperature and has higher compressive strength than that of concrete made with Portland cement.

Abstract: Oil ash comprising carbon in an amount in the range of 60% to 89% is an effective set retarder in a cement composition. The oil ash prolonged the initial and final setting time of cement paste and retained the slump flow in concrete for a longer time than concrete without the retarder. Also, the addition of oil ash to cement marginally improved the compressive strength of concrete. The advantage of oil ash is that it can be used as a solid retarder of cement hydration to substitute for the conventional commercial retarding admixtures with a limited shelf-life.

Abstract: A method of making a structural lightweight and thermal insulating concrete is described. The concrete has a coarse aggregate partly replaced by recycled plastic pieces. This enables the concrete to maintain a high compressive strength, low thermal conductivity, and low weight, while providing a use for waste plastic. The waste plastic pieces may comprise polyethylene in the form of flakes, fibers, or granules. Due to its low unit weight, adequate compressive strength and high thermal resistance the developed concrete can be used as a structural lightweight and thermal insulating concrete. The use of this concrete leads to economic and environmental benefits.