Abstract: Methods and apparatus to monitor environments are disclosed. Example audience measurement devices disclosed herein execute, in connection with a first frame of data, a three-dimensional recognition analysis on an object detected in an environment within a threshold distance from a sensor. Disclosed example audience measurement devices also detect that the object has moved outside the threshold distance from the sensor in a second frame subsequent to the first frame. Disclosed example audience measurement devices further execute a two-dimensional recognition analysis on the object in the second frame.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for pre-scaling media content to facilitate audience measurement are disclosed. An example method includes encoding a media content sample in accordance with a first encoding configuration and playing the encoded sample. The example method also includes attempting to detect the codes in the sample, and computing a ratio between the codes encoded in the sample and the codes detected when the sample is played.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, systems and articles of manufacture are disclosed to credit media based on the presentation rate. An example apparatus disclosed herein includes memory and instructions. The example apparatus disclosed herein further includes at least one processor to execute the instructions to cause the at least one processor to at least detect a first peak in a first frequency range of audio data associated with monitored media, detect a second peak in a second frequency range of the audio data, the second frequency range different from the first frequency range, detect that a presentation rate of the monitored media is increased relative to a reference version of the media in response to the second peak being greater than the first peak, generate a signature corresponding to the monitored media, and transmit the signature to a media monitoring entity to credit the monitored media based on the presentation rate.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for identifying media content using temporal signal characteristics are disclosed. An example apparatus includes at least one memory, computer readable instructions, and at least one processor to execute the instructions to identify intervals in a media signal; generate interval sums for respective ones of the intervals, a first interval sum of the interval sums based on a sum of magnitudes of first peaks of the media signal that occur between zero crossings of a first interval of the intervals of the media signal; identify second peaks based on the interval sums; and generate a signature representative of the media signal based on the second peaks.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus to detect spillover are disclosed. An example apparatus includes at least one memory, instructions in the apparatus, and processor circuitry to execute the instructions to: identify a quantity of first durations of loudness in an audio signal of media; calculate a ratio of the quantity of the first durations of loudness to a quantity of second durations of loudness in the audio signal of the media, the quantity of the second durations of loudness including the quantity of the first durations of loudness; and in response to a detection of the audio signal being spillover, store data denoting the media as un-usable to credit a media exposure when the ratio does not satisfy a loudness ratio threshold, the storing of the data to improve an accuracy of media exposure credits by not crediting spillover media.

Abstract: Example methods, apparatus, systems and articles of manufacture are disclosed to determine tags for unknown media using multiple media features. Disclosed examples extract features from portions of the unknown media. Disclosed examples weight the features based at least partially on respective recognition technologies used to extract the features to determine corresponding weighted features. Disclosed examples search a database of pre-tagged media with a combination of the weighted features to generate a list of suggested tags for the unknown media, the list of suggested tags including relevancy scores for respective ones of the tags in the list. Disclosed examples assign a tag from the list of suggested tags to the unknown media based on a comparison of the relevancy score for the tag to a threshold.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus to detect spillover are disclosed. An example apparatus includes at least one memory, instructions in the apparatus, and processor circuitry to execute the instructions to: identify a quantity of first durations of loudness in an audio signal of media; calculate a ratio of the quantity of the first durations of loudness to a quantity of second durations of loudness in the audio signal of the media, the quantity of the second durations of loudness including the quantity of the first durations of loudness; and in response to a detection of the audio signal being spillover, store data denoting the media as un-usable to credit a media exposure when the ratio does not satisfy a loudness ratio threshold, the storing of the data to improve an accuracy of media exposure credits by not crediting spillover media.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, systems and articles of manufacture are disclosed to determine the speed-up of media programs using speech recognition. An example apparatus disclosed herein is to perform speech recognition on a first audio clip collected by a media meter to recognize a first text string associated with the first audio clip, compare the first text string to a plurality of reference text strings associated with a corresponding plurality of reference audio clips to identify a matched one of the reference text strings, and estimate a presentation rate of the first audio clip based on a first time associated with the first audio clip and a second time associated with a first one of the reference audio clips corresponding to the matched one of the reference text strings.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus to determine a state of a media presentation device are disclosed. Example disclosed methods include generating a first set of weighted coefficients based on first audio received by first and second microphones at a first time. Example disclosed methods include generating a second set of weighted coefficients based on second audio received by the first and second microphones at a second time after the first time. Example disclosed methods include comparing the first set of coefficients and the second set of coefficients to generate a similarity value. Example disclosed methods include, when the similarity value satisfies a threshold, determining that the media presentation device is in a first state. Example disclosed methods include, when the similarity value does not satisfy the threshold, determining that the media presentation device is in a second state.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for pre-scaling media content to facilitate audience measurement are disclosed. An example method includes encoding a media content sample in accordance with a first encoding configuration and playing the encoded sample. The example method also includes attempting to detect the codes in the sample, and computing a ratio between the codes encoded in the sample and the codes detected when the sample is played.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for identifying media content using temporal signal characteristics are disclosed. An example apparatus includes at least one memory, computer readable instructions, and at least one processor to execute the instructions to identify intervals in a media signal; generate interval sums for respective ones of the intervals, a first interval sum of the interval sums based on a sum of magnitudes of first peaks of the media signal that occur between zero crossings of a first interval of the intervals of the media signal; identify second peaks based on the interval sums; and generate a signature representative of the media signal based on the second peaks.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, systems, and articles of manufacture are disclosed to locate persons based on adjustable signal strength thresholds. Example instructions cause processor circuitry to at least collect monitoring area information for a monitoring environment. Example instructions additionally cause the processor circuitry to determine, based on the monitoring area information, one or more one or more signal strength thresholds to set for one or more radio frequency (RF) beacons deployed to the monitoring environment. In some examples, example instructions cause the processor circuitry to, after reception of monitoring information from one or more devices in the monitoring environment, process the monitoring information and the one or more signal strength thresholds to determine one or more locations of the one or more devices in the monitoring environment.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for pre-scaling media content to facilitate audience measurement are disclosed. An example method includes encoding a media content sample in accordance with a first encoding configuration and playing the encoded sample. The example method also includes attempting to detect the codes in the sample, and computing a ratio between the codes encoded in the sample and the codes detected when the sample is played.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, systems and articles of manufacture are disclosed to determine the speed-up of media programs using speech recognition. An example apparatus disclosed herein is to perform speech recognition on a first audio clip collected by a media meter to recognize a first text string associated with the first audio clip, compare the first text string to a plurality of reference text strings associated with a corresponding plurality of reference audio clips to identify a matched one of the reference text strings, and estimate a presentation rate of the first audio clip based on a first time associated with the first audio clip and a second time associated with a first one of the reference audio clips corresponding to the matched one of the reference text strings.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, systems and articles of manufacture are disclosed for determining the demographics of users. An example apparatus includes at least one memory, instructions, and processor circuitry to at least one of execute or instantiate the instructions to extract a first media data pair from first media presentation data from a media provider, identify a second media data pair in second media presentation data based on a comparison of the first media data pair and the second media presentation data, the second media data pair generated in response to a meter accessing streaming data associated with a second media presentation device accessing the streaming media, identify a panelist associated with the second media data pair, and, in response to identifying the panelist, cause a server to associate the second media data pair and demographic data associated with the panelist included in a report by transmitting the report to the server.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, systems and articles of manufacture are disclosed to credit media based on the presentation rate. An example apparatus disclosed herein includes memory and instructions. The example apparatus disclosed herein further includes at least one processor to execute the instructions to cause the at least one processor to at least detect a first peak in a first frequency range of audio data associated with monitored media, detect a second peak in a second frequency range of the audio data, the second frequency range different from the first frequency range, detect that a presentation rate of the monitored media is increased relative to a reference version of the media in response to the second peak being greater than the first peak, generate a signature corresponding to the monitored media, and transmit the signature to a media monitoring entity to credit the monitored media based on the presentation rate.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus to determine a state of a media presentation device are disclosed. Example disclosed methods include generating a first set of weighted coefficients based on first audio received by first and second microphones at a first time. Example disclosed methods include generating a second set of weighted coefficients based on second audio received by the first and second microphones at a second time after the first time. Example disclosed methods include comparing the first set of coefficients and the second set of coefficients to generate a similarity value. Example disclosed methods include, when the similarity value satisfies a threshold, determining that the media presentation device is in a first state. Example disclosed methods include, when the similarity value does not satisfy the threshold, determining that the media presentation device is in a second state.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus to determine a state of a media presentation device are disclosed. Example disclosed methods include generating a first set of weighted coefficients based on first audio received by first and second microphones at a first time. Example disclosed methods include generating a second set of weighted coefficients based on second audio received by the first and second microphones at a second time after the first time. Example disclosed methods include comparing the first set of coefficients and the second set of coefficients to generate a similarity value. Example disclosed methods include, when the similarity value satisfies a threshold, determining that the media presentation device is in a first state. Example disclosed methods include, when the similarity value does not satisfy the threshold, determining that the media presentation device is in a second state.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus to detect spillover are disclosed. An example apparatus includes at least one memory, instructions in the apparatus, and processor circuitry to execute the instructions to: identify a quantity of first durations of loudness in an audio signal of media; calculate a ratio of the quantity of the first durations of loudness to a quantity of second durations of loudness in the audio signal of the media, the quantity of the second durations of loudness including the quantity of the first durations of loudness; and in response to a detection of the audio signal being spillover, store data denoting the media as un-usable to credit a media exposure when the ratio does not satisfy a loudness ratio threshold, the storing of the data to improve an accuracy of media exposure credits by not crediting spillover media.

Abstract: Example methods, apparatus, systems and articles of manufacture are disclosed to determine tags for unknown media using multiple media features. Disclosed examples extract features from portions of the unknown media. Disclosed examples weight the features based at least partially on respective recognition technologies used to extract the features to determine corresponding weighted features. Disclosed examples search a database of pre-tagged media with a combination of the weighted features to generate a list of suggested tags for the unknown media, the list of suggested tags including relevancy scores for respective ones of the tags in the list. Disclosed examples assign a tag from the list of suggested tags to the unknown media based on a comparison of the relevancy score for the tag to a threshold.