Abstract: A method for detecting and blocking a Man-in-the-Middle phishing attack carried out on a client connection which has been fraudulently routed through an anonymous proxy server. An agent downloaded to the client device opens a client direct connection to the security host protecting against the attack and sends a client direct connection ID to the security host for validation. By comparing IP addresses correlated via the validated client direct connection ID, the security host determines whether the original connection is direct (secure) or indirect (attack via phishing proxy). The detection and blocking can be performed by the service provider's server or by a third-party validation server handling all security without additional requirements on the service provider server. In addition to detecting and blocking such attacks, methods for client direct connection ID, as well as automatic transparent and seamless attack circumvention and preemptive circumvention are disclosed.

Abstract: A method for producing a copy-protected audio compact disc containing a plurality of symbols within error-correction codewords, representing audio data samples of an audio signal is provided. The method includes the steps of selecting at least one audio data sample of the audio signal (1415); locating the data symbols representing audio data sample (1420); overwriting symbols with erroneous symbols (1440); locating the error-correction codewords associated with the data symbols and disabling the error-correction of said error-correction codewords (1455).

Abstract: A copy protected DVD disc and a method for producing a signature on the disc is provided. In an embodiment of the invention, the method for protecting a DVD disc includes producing a signature on the disc by non-destructively altering the content of at least one sector in the data zone of the DVD during encoding so that sector is generally unreadable. A DVD encoder for use in producing the copy protected disc is also provided.

Abstract: A copy protected DVD disc and a method for producing and validating the DVD disc is provided. In an embodiment the method for protecting a DVD from being illegally copied includes producing a signature which includes introducing ambiguous symbols into an ECC block and partially disabling the error correction. A DVD encoder for use in producing the copy protected disc is also provided.

Abstract: A semi-Boolean arrangement for specifying data objects to be retrieved from a collection, and a method and system for selecting the data objects, which combine text searching and set operations on existing subsets of data objects from the collection. This optimized relaxation of a full Boolean search complies with natural human language patterns to greatly simplify query structure, formulation, and interpretation without loss of generality. The use of subsets, including arbitrary subsets compiled by the user or a proxy, enables the user to control the level of vagueness and ambiguity inherent in text searching to reduce under-inclusion without relying on evidence sets or meta-data such as keywords, as well as to reduce over-inclusion, for which there is currently no satisfactory means of control. The use of arbitrary subsets instead of keywords also offers advantages by not requiring modifications to the data objects in order to categorize the data objects by ideas or concepts contained therein.

Abstract: A copy-protected digital audio compact disc and method for producing same, such that neither the proper playing of the original nor the enforcement of the copy-protection depends on the use of any special equipment. A pattern of latent noise is incorporated into a digital audio CD by overwriting some of the original audio signal data symbols with grossly-erroneous values, and then overwriting the corresponding error-correction parity symbols in such a way as to create an uncorrectable error in the codewords containing the erroneous values. An ordinary CD player of such a disc will therefore detect each occurrence of a latent noise value as an uncorrectable error and will apply interpolative error-concealment to prevent the output of the error.

Abstract: A copy protected DVD disc and a method for producing and validating the DVD disc is provided. In an embodiment the method for protecting a DVD from being illegally copied includes producing a signature which includes introducing ambiguous symbols into an ECC block and partially disabling the error correction. A DVD encoder for use in producing the copy protected disc is also provided.

Abstract: An arrangement, method, and system for personalizing published software according to the specific authorized user, and thereby offering protection against unauthorized copying and distribution by discouraging the authorized user from indiscriminately making and distributing unauthorized copies. The personalization is incorporated into the software build and is delivered to the authorized user with embedded pre-existing personal information, without requiring the user to input this information during setup or installation. Because the personal information has already been pre-incorporated into the deliverable published software upon receipt by the authorized user and does not require any manual entry by the user, it is feasible to employ strong cryptography using complex keys for authentication and other protective purposes.