Abstract: A non-redundant differential MSK demodulator with double-error correction capability includes a differential detection stage, an error signal generator stage, and an error detection-and-correction stage. Differential detectors receive modulated MSK input. The error signal generator converts outputs from the differential detectors into orthogonal error signals. The error detection-and-correction stage compares an algebraic sum of the error signals to a threshold value and outputs a correction value based thereon. The correction value is added to output from the differential detection stage to produce demodulated MSK output.

Abstract: A passive mine detection apparatus useful for searching out buried mines, exploits natural soil emissions at microwave frequencies and unique interference-induced spectral reflection signatures from planar surfaces of buried mines interacting with the soil emissions. The apparatus comprises a focussed beam antenna, low noise amplifiers for respective polarizations, baseband converter, spectrum analyzer, A to D converter, signature recognition processor, display and/or alarm. Hand-held and vehicle-mounted implementations are disclosed.