Abstract: The problem of the present invention is to provide a substrate with high versatility, a method for producing the substrate, and a method for producing a unit cell using the substrate. The problem is solved by providing a substrate comprising a plurality of alkali metal azide spots on a substantially flat surface.

Abstract: A time synchronization network able to efficiently maintain time synchronization according to standard time is described. A communication device includes a time information output unit and a time synchronization unit. The time information output unit is configured to output time information with an internal clock that is stable. The time synchronization unit is configured to correct the time information of the time information output unit based on information on a time difference between the communication device and another communication device adjacent to the communication device.

Abstract: In an information processing system including an information processing server and a multifunction machine, the information processing server transmits print instruction information instructing printing of teaching material content and an answerer ID to the multifunction machine. Upon receiving the print instruction information, the multifunction machine generates teaching material content printed material, reads a print surface of answered teaching material content printed material, and transmits read data corresponding to a read image. The information processing server acquires the answerer ID from the received read data and performs processing for providing the read image for a terminal device of a person concerned having a predetermined relationship with an answerer having the acquired answerer ID.

Abstract: This atomic resonator for causing a resonance frequency by CPT resonance includes: a gas cell having alkali metal atoms enclosed; a photodetector configured to detect light having passed through the gas cell and convert the light to an electric signal; a high-frequency oscillator configured to receive the electric signal and output the signal after a frequency thereof is divided by two; and a laser light source configured to modulate and introduce, into the gas cell, light based on the signal output from the high-frequency oscillator. The high-frequency oscillator has an injection-locked frequency divider circuit including an acoustic resonator as an oscillation element.

Abstract: Provided is a variable-wavelength surface emission laser having a wide wavelength variation range. A partial region of a thin-plate substrate (22) and a movable mirror (20), the partial region being positioned between an air gap (G1) and a movable gap (G2), can move toward the air gap (G1) side or the movable gap (G2) side.

Abstract: An information processing server includes a server storage section that stores a question management record in which property information indicating a property of a question is associated with question data indicating a question, a first reception section configured to receive answered question paper read data from a complex machine, a first identification section configured to identify a property of a question included in the answered question paper based on the answered question paper read data received by the first reception section, and a selection section configured to select a question to be given to a learner from the question indicated by the question data stored in the server storage section based on the property identified by the first identification section.

Abstract: An information processing server includes an information processing server storage unit that stores a machine-learned learning model based on a data set in which data of a teaching material content is associated with attribute information indicating an attribute of the teaching material content, a receiver that acquires the data of the teaching material content, and an input and output processing unit that inputs the data of the teaching material content acquired by the receiver to the learning model stored in the information processing server storage unit and causes the attribute information to be output from the learning model. The information processing server storage unit stores a related information record in which the data of the teaching material content acquired by the receiver is associated with the attribute information output from the learning model by the input and output processing unit.

Abstract: This atomic resonator for causing a resonance frequency by CPT resonance includes: a gas cell having alkali metal atoms enclosed; a photodetector configured to detect light having passed through the gas cell and convert the light to an electric signal; a high-frequency oscillator configured to receive the electric signal and output the signal after a frequency thereof is divided by two; and a laser light source configured to modulate and introduce, into the gas cell, light based on the signal output from the high-frequency oscillator. The high-frequency oscillator has an injection-locked frequency divider circuit including an acoustic resonator as an oscillation element.

Abstract: In an information processing system including an information processing server and a multifunction machine, the information processing server transmits print instruction information instructing printing of teaching material content and an answerer ID to the multifunction machine. Upon receiving the print instruction information, the multifunction machine generates teaching material content printed material, reads a print surface of answered teaching material content printed material, and transmits read data corresponding to a read image. The information processing server acquires the answerer ID from the received read data and performs processing for providing the read image for a terminal device of a person concerned having a predetermined relationship with an answerer having the acquired answerer ID.

Abstract: A vapor cell which can increase the S/N ratio of light as a signal and has high accuracy and a vapor cell manufacturing method are provided. The vapor cell includes: a reflection space (14) provided so as to be able to store a gas containing an alkali metal atom; and an incident light reflection surface, an in-plane reflection portion (17), and an emission light reflection surface provided inside the reflection space (14). The incident light reflection surface has an elevation angle of 45° from an optical path plane so that the incident light incident from a predetermined external direction is reflected in the optical path plane that is perpendicular to the incident light.

Abstract: In a print management system, a terminal device transmits a print request designating a content to be printed, a first server receives the print request, transmits a print instruction including data of the content and an e-mail address designating a printer to a second server, the second server transmits print data to the printer designated by the e-mail address, and transmits, to the first server, print result information indicating a result of the print data printed by the printer, and the first server generates, based on the print result information, billing information indicating a price for a copyright of the content.

Abstract: An electrostatic induction-type vibration power generation device and method for improving a power generation amount, and extracting an external electric field from a spontaneous polarization electret. A pair of conductive plates is disposed with a gap therebetween. A charged body formed of a spontaneous polarization electret having predetermined thickness has a positively charged lower surface and negatively charged upper surface. The charged body is between conductive plates in contact with one conductive plate. The gap between the conductive plates is displaced in a direction vertical to the surfaces of the spontaneous polarization electret, whereby an electrostatic capacitance changes and electric power is generated. The other conductive plate is disposed at a position where an absolute value of an external electric field emitted outside from the charged body is between 2.7×107 V/m and 1.5×1010 V/m. Moreover, the thickness of the spontaneous polarization electret is between 1 mm and 60 mm.

Abstract: A sensor device for sensor networks capable of saving power and securing accuracy and a method for transmitting data to a sensor network. The device includes: an oscillation-type sensor that oscillates with a mechanical vibrator; a data processor and communicator that processes a signal output from the oscillation-type sensor and transmits data to an external apparatus; a power supply that supplies electric power to the oscillation-type sensor and the data processor and communicator; and a power supply control unit that controls connection of a power supply line between the power supply and the oscillation-type sensor and connection of a power supply line between the power supply and the data processor and communicator. The power supply control unit connects the power supply line between the power supply and the oscillation-type sensor and then connects the power supply line between the power supply and the data processor and communicator.

Abstract: An electrostatic induction-type vibration power generation device for improving a power generation amount, and extracting an external electric field from a spontaneous polarization electret and method of manufacturing the same. A pair of conductive plates is disposed with a gap therebetween. A charged body formed of a spontaneous polarization electret having predetermined thickness has a positively charged lower surface and negatively charged upper surface. The charged body is between conductive plates in contact with one conductive plate. The gap between conductive plates is displaced in a direction vertical to the surfaces of the spontaneous polarization electret, whereby an electrostatic capacitance changes and electric power is generated. An absolute value of an external electric field generated by the spontaneous polarization electret is between 2.7×107 V/m and 1.5×1010 V/m at a position where the other conductive plate is present.

Abstract: In a filter, two parallel resonators that are adjacent to each other are connected, in parallel, to a first portion of the signal line that connects a pair of two adjacent series resonators, at least one parallel resonator is connected, in parallel, to a second portion of the signal line that connects a different pair of two adjacent series resonators, a first inductor is connected to one parallel resonator of said two parallel resonators in series, a second inductor is connected to one parallel resonator of said at least one parallel resonator in series, a third inductor is connected to said two parallel resonators and said at least one parallel resonator, the first and third inductors' total inductance is different from the second and third inductor's total inductance.

Abstract: A piezoelectric thin film resonator includes a substrate, a lower electrode provided on the substrate, a piezoelectric film provided on the lower electrode, and an upper electrode provided on the piezoelectric film. At least a portion of the upper electrode and that of the lower electrode oppose each other through the piezoelectric film, and at least a portion of the periphery of the upper electrode is reversely tapered.

Abstract: A duplexer includes: a first filter of which first and second ends connect to a common terminal and a first terminal respectively; and a second filter having a passband higher than that of the first filter, a first end and second end thereof connecting to the common terminal and a second terminal respectively, wherein a phase shifter is located neither between the first filter and the common terminal nor between the second filter and the common terminal, the second filter is a ladder-type filter including piezoelectric thin film resonators connected in a ladder shape, a propagation constant in a direction perpendicular to a thickness direction of a piezoelectric thin film in the piezoelectric thin film resonator is a real number at frequencies lower than a resonance frequency of the piezoelectric thin film resonator, and a resonator at a first stage is a parallel resonator in the second filter.

Abstract: A filter includes one or a plurality of parallel resonators coupled in parallel and one or a plurality of a film bulk acoustic resonators coupled in series, the film bulk acoustic resonator having a substrate, a lower electrode, a piezoelectric membrane, and an upper electrode, wherein: at least one of the lower electrode and the upper electrode has a thick membrane region having a thickness larger than that of a center portion of a resonance region at an edge of the resonance region, the resonance region being a region where the lower electrode and the upper electrode face with each other through the piezoelectric membrane; and a width of the thick membrane region is smaller than a wavelength of an acoustic wave propagating in a direction crossing a thickness direction of the piezoelectric membrane.

Abstract: A ladder filter includes at least one series resonator connected in series between an input terminal and an output terminal, at least one parallel resonator connected in parallel with the at least one series resonator, and an inductor connected in parallel with the at least one series resonator. The at least one series resonator and the inductor generate a first attenuation pole at a frequency equal to or lower than a frequency band defined by the at least one series resonator and the at least one parallel resonator. The first attenuation pole is located at a frequency that is equal to or higher than a resonance frequency of a parallel resonator that is included in the at least one parallel resonator and has a highest resonance frequency and that is equal to or lower than a high-frequency end of the pass band.

Abstract: A ladder filter includes at least one series resonator connected in series between an input terminal and an output terminal, at least one parallel resonator connected in parallel with the at least one series resonator, an additional resonator connected in series between the at least one series resonator and one of the input terminal and the output terminal, and an inductor connected in series to the additional resonator, the additional resonator having a resonance frequency higher than an anti-resonance frequency of the at least one series resonator.