Abstract: A terahertz wave generator 1 includes a nonlinear crystal 4, which is capable of generating a terahertz wave TH, a pumping beam emitter 2, which emits a pumping beam L1, a seed beam emitter 3, which is disposed so as to be parallel to a nonlinear crystal 4 and emits a seed beam L2, a first total reflection mirror 17 and a second total reflection mirror 18, which successively reflect the seed beam L2 emitted from the seed beam emitter 3 to cause the seed beam L2 to be incident on the nonlinear crystal 4, and a convex lens 6, which collects the seed beam L2.

Abstract: A pumping beam L1 is caused to be incident on an end surface 4A of a nonlinear crystal 4, and a seed beam L2, the diameter of which is increased by a concave lens 6, is collected and adjusted into a collimated beam by a convex lens 7 and caused to be incident on the end surface 4A described above. The pumping beam L1 and the seed beam L2 are caused to be incident on the end surface 4A with the pumping beam L1 and the seed beam L2 superimposed on each other, whereby the nonlinear crystal 4 generates a terahertz wave TH.

Abstract: A pumping beam L1 enters from a pumping beam projector 3 into one end surface 2a of a nonlinear crystal 2, the pumping beam L1 and idler wave L2 are generated from another end surface 2b of the nonlinear crystal 2. The pumping beam L1 emitted from the other end surface 2b of the nonlinear crystal 2 is reflected and re-enters as a pumping beam L? into the other end surface 2b and the idler wave L2 generated from the other end surface 2b of the nonlinear crystal is reflected by the reflection optical system 6 and re-enters as a seed beam L2? into the other end surface 2b. The idler wave L2 enters as the seed beam L2? together with the pumping beam L1? into the nonlinear crystal and thus a terahertz wave with a large output and including a plurality of wavelengths can be generated.

Abstract: A pumping beam L1 enters from a pumping beam projector 3 into one end surface 2a of a nonlinear crystal 2, the pumping beam L1 and idler wave L2 are generated from another end surface 2b of the nonlinear crystal 2. The pumping beam L1 emitted from the other end surface 2b of the nonlinear crystal 2 is reflected and re-enters as a pumping beam L? into the other end surface 2b and the idler wave L2 generated from the other end surface 2b of the nonlinear crystal is reflected by the reflection optical system 6 and re-enters as a seed beam L2? into the other end surface 2b. The idler wave L2 enters as the seed beam L2? together with the pumping beam L1? into the nonlinear crystal and thus a terahertz wave with a large output and including a plurality of wavelengths can be generated.

Abstract: Pumping beam L1 is caused to be incident on an end surface 4A of a nonlinear crystal 4, and seed beam L2 the diameter of which is increased by a concave lens 6 is collected and adjusted into a collimated beam by a convex lens 7 and is caused to be incident on the end surface 4A described above. As described above, the pumping beam L1 and the seed beam L2 are caused to be incident on the end surface 4A with the pumping beam L1 and the seed beam L2 superimposed on each other, whereby the nonlinear crystal 4 generates terahertz wave TH. Since the diameter of the seed beam L2 described above is increased by the concave lens 6, the diameter of the seed beam L2 incident on the end surface 4A can be greater than the diameter of the seed beam generated by a terahertz wave generator of related art shown in FIG. 3. The area where the pumping beam L1 and the seed beam L2 incident on the end surface 4A are superimposed on each other can be greater than the area in the terahertz wave generator of related art.

Abstract: A terahertz wave generator 1 includes a nonlinear crystal 4, which is capable of generating terahertz wave TH, a pumping beam emitter 2, which emits pumping beam L1, a seed beam emitter 3, which is disposed so as to be parallel to the nonlinear crystal 4 and emits seed beam L2, a first total reflection mirror 17 and a second total reflection mirror 18, which successively reflect the seed beam L2 emitted from the seed beam emitter 3 to cause the seed beam L2 to be incident on the nonlinear crystal 4, and a convex lens 6, which collects the seed beam L2. When the pumping beam L1 and the seed beam L2 are caused to be incident on the nonlinear crystal 4 with the pumping beam L1 and the seed beam L2 superimposed on each other, the nonlinear crystal 4 generates the terahertz wave TH.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for cutting a cell sheet S, which includes cutting the cell sheet S that is cultured in the inside of a container 4 which has accommodated a culture medium M therein, by a cutting device 3 that emits a laser L. The cutting method includes: removing the culture medium M from the container 4 and also sealing the container 4 by a lid portion 13 provided with a transmission part made from a material which allows the laser L to pass through, in the inside of an aseptic room 2 that has been kept in an aseptic condition; taking out the container 4 sealed by the lid portion 13, from the aseptic room 2, and moving the container to the cutting device 3 that is provided in the outside of the aseptic room 2; and in the cutting device 3, passing the laser L through the transmission part of the lid portion 13, and cutting the cell sheet S by the laser L. The method enables the cell sheet S to be cut in such a state that the aseptic condition is kept.

Abstract: In a terahertz wave generation apparatus including a first non-linear optical crystal 3 on which first laser L1 and second laser L2 from laser generation means 2 are incident to generate terahertz wave TH1, the laser generation means includes a second non-linear optical crystal 7 on which laser having the same wavelength as that of the second laser is incident to generate idler light L1 including a plurality of wavelengths, and makes the idler light L1 generated from the second non-linear optical crystal incident on the first non-linear optical crystal as the first laser L1, to generate terahertz wave including a plurality of wavelengths from the first non-linear optical crystal 3, and wavelength selection means including a transmission section which transmits an idler light having the specific wavelength in the idler light including the plurality of wavelengths can be provided, as needed.

Abstract: In a terahertz wave generation apparatus including a first non-linear optical crystal 3 on which first laser L1 and second laser L2 from laser generation means 2 are incident to generate terahertz wave TH1, the laser generation means includes a second non-linear optical crystal 7 on which laser having the same wavelength as that of the second laser is incident to generate idler light L1 including a plurality of wavelengths, and makes the idler light L1 generated from the second non-linear optical crystal incident on the first non-linear optical crystal as the first laser L1, to generate terahertz wave including a plurality of wavelengths from the first non-linear optical crystal 3, and wavelength selection means including a transmission section which transmits an idler light having the specific wavelength in the idler light including the plurality of wavelengths can be provided, as needed.

Abstract: Provided is an organic EL device which can prevent invasion of moisture to an organic EL element. The organic EL device has an organic EL element in which a first electrode layer, a functional layer, and a second electrode layer are stacked in sequence on a transparent substrate having a planar expanse, and an inorganic sealing layer for sealing at least an emission area of the organic EL element. A soft adhesion layer is stacked directly onto the inorganic sealing layer with a planar expanse, and the soft adhesion layer is made of a resin, and has flexibility.

Abstract: Provided is an organic EL device which can prevent invasion of moisture to an organic EL element. The organic EL device has an organic EL element in which a first electrode layer, a functional layer, and a second electrode layer are stacked in sequence on a transparent substrate having a planar expanse, and an inorganic sealing layer for sealing at least an emission area of the organic EL element. A soft adhesion layer is stacked directly onto the inorganic sealing layer with a planar expanse, and the soft adhesion layer is made of a resin, and has flexibility.

Abstract: A processing table 3 holding a workpiece 2 is accommodated in a chamber 4 with a gas-tight condition kept, and a liquid column W is jetted to an upper surface of this chamber 4, and a processing head 9 that guides laser beam L to the liquid column W is secured to the upper surface of this chamber 4. An oil-sealed rotary pump 11 and a diffusion pump 12 provided in parallel are connected to the chamber 4, and the diffusion pump 12 is actuated after the actuation of the oil-sealed rotary pump 11, bringing the inside of the chamber 4 into a vacuum state. No gas currents are generated around the liquid column W jetted from the processing head 9, making it possible to prevent turbulence of the liquid column W due to turbulence of the gas currents and enabling a liquid column having a small diameter to be jetted in a stable state.

Abstract: A processing table 3 holding a workpiece 2 is accommodated in a chamber 4 with a gas-tight condition kept, and a liquid column W is jetted to an upper surface of this chamber 4, and a processing head 9 that guides laser beam L to the liquid column W is secured to the upper surface of this chamber 4. Gas exhaust means 5 in which an oil-sealed rotary pump 11 and a diffusion pump 12 are provided in parallel is connected to the chamber 4, and the diffusion pump 12 is actuated after the actuation of the oil-sealed rotary pump 11, brining the inside of the chamber 4 into a vacuum state. Bringing the inside of the chamber 4 into a vacuum state, no gas current is generated around the liquid column W jetted from the processing head 9, making it possible to prevent turbulence of the liquid column W due to turbulence of the gas current. A liquid column having a small diameter can be jetted in a stable state.

Abstract: A hybrid laser processing apparatus 1 includes a laser oscillator 4 which oscillates a laser beam L, a high-pressure pump 5 which supplies liquid, wherein liquid supplied from the high-pressure pump 5 is injected from an injection nozzle 13 provided at a tip of a processing head 6 and becomes a liquid column W to reach an object to be processed 2. A first inclined plane 13b which reduces the diameter toward the object to be processed 2 is formed in the injection nozzle 13, the condensing lens 12 which condenses the laser beam L is designed so that the focus of the laser beam L is positioned beyond the injection nozzle 13 and closer to the side of the object to be processed 2 and the laser beam L on the side outer than the minimum diameter part 13d is reflected on the first inclined plane 13b and thereafter guided to the liquid column W. Positional matching of the condensing lens and the injection nozzle is simple and the guided laser beam does not pop out of the liquid column.

Abstract: Laser beam L oscillated by a laser oscillator 4 is guided by an optical fiber 12 constituting laser-guiding means 7 to a processing head 6, a liquid passageway 25 to which a high-pressure liquid is supplied by a high-pressure pump 5 is formed in the processing head, and this high-pressure liquid is jetted in the form of a liquid column W from a jet hole 24 of a jet nozzle 23 provided at a lower end of the processing head 6. The optical fiber is exposed inside of the liquid passageway, and a tip of a fiber core 12a of the optical fiber projects beyond a fiber clad 12b, and is close to the vicinity of the jet hole. The laser beam irradiated from the fiber core is guided to the liquid column after it is reflected on a first inclined surface 24a formed on the jet hole, and processing on the workpiece 2 is performed. The laser beam can easily be guided to the liquid column.

Abstract: A hybrid laser processing apparatus 1 includes a laser oscillator 4 which oscillates a laser beam L, a high-pressure pump 5 which supplies liquid, wherein liquid supplied from the high-pressure pump 5 is injected from an injection nozzle 13 provided at a tip of a processing head 6 and becomes a liquid column W to reach an object to be processed 2. A first inclined plane 13b which reduces the diameter toward the object to be processed 2 is formed in the injection nozzle 13, the condensing lens 12 which condenses the laser beam L is designed so that the focus of the laser beam L is positioned beyond the injection nozzle 13 and closer to the side of the object to be processed 2 and the laser beam L on the side outer than the minimum diameter part 13d is reflected on the first inclined plane 13b and thereafter guided to the liquid column W. Positional matching of the condensing lens and the injection nozzle is simple and the guided laser beam does not pop out of the liquid column.

Abstract: A process for removing nitrogen oxide from exhaust is disclosed, comprising contacting exhaust containing nitrogen oxide with an alumina catalyst which contains not more than 0.5% by weight of an alkali metal and/or an alkaline earth metal and has a total pore volume of from 0.48 to 1.2 cm.sup.3 .multidot.g.sup.-1 with 0.26 to 0.6 cm.sup.3 .multidot.g.sup.-1 of the total pore volume being formed of pores of not greater than 80 .ANG. or has a volume of pores formed of pores of not greater than 60 .ANG. of from 0.06 to 0.2 cm.sup.3 .multidot.g.sup.-l and which may have supported thereon tin in an oxidative atmosphere containing excess oxygen in the presence of a hydrocarbon or an oxygen-containing organic compound.

Abstract: A novel catalyst for catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxide using a hydrocarbon as a reducing agent is provided, which comprises (a) at least an element of the platinum group selected from the group consisting of platinum, iridium, rhodium and ruthenium and (b) gold, and which may further comprises (c) at least a metallic oxide selected from the group consisting of cerium oxide, lanthanum oxide, neodymium oxide, germanium oxide and gallium oxide.

Abstract: A catalyst for catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxide using at least one reducing agent selected from the group consisting of a hydrocarbon and an oxygen-containing organic compound is described, which includes an oxide represented by formula (V):A.sup.5.sub.x B.sup.3.sub.3-x C.sup.4.sub.3 O.sub.7 (V)wherein A.sup.5 represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of La, Y, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, and Gd; B.sup.3 represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of Ba, Sr, Ca, Mg, Pb, Zn, and Ag; C.sup.4 represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of Mn, Co, Fe, Ni, Cr, Cu, V, Mo, W, Ti, Zr, Nb, Pd, Rh, Ru, and Pt; and x is a number of from 0 to 1, supported on a solid acid carrier.

Abstract: A process for reducing nitrogen oxides to nitrogen from exhaust gases is disclosed, which involves bringing an exhaust gas containing nitrogen oxides into contact with at least one catalyst from proton-type zeolites, zeolites of an alkali metal exchanged form and acidic metal oxides, by reaction with a hydrocarbon or an oxygen-containing organic compound in an oxidizing atmosphere containing excess oxygen. A process which further involves bringing the exhaust gas into contact with an oxidizing catalyst subsequent to the above process.