Abstract: A paper sheet handling apparatus including a plurality of sheet accumulating portions and a sheet conveyor. A pointed separator is mounted on the conveyor for movement into a stack of paper sheets accumulated in one sheet accumulating portion to divide the stack into two parts with a gap formed therebetween. Gripping fingers mounted on the conveyor are moved into gripping engagement with one of the divided parts of the stack and then retracted to transfer the gripped part of the stack onto the conveyor. Holding members on the conveyor are movable into the gap to hold the paper sheets of the other part of the stack. The conveyor is movable to convey the gripped paper sheets to another sheet accumulating portion. The gripping fingers are again moved to transfer the thus conveyed sheets to the other sheet accumulating portion.

Abstract: Parallel, pulse-width-modulation controlled three-way valves each both supply and exhaust a pressure chamber of a fluid actuator. The phase difference of the oscillator carrier waves of the pulse width modulation input circuit effectively increases the frequency of a net actuator carrier wave so as to quicken the response of the actuator.

Abstract: An optical system for recording and reproducing optical information. A line of synchronization pits for tracking and an information recording area are disposed alternately in advance. At the time of recording, a tracking signal is detected from the line of synchronization pits and while tracking in the information recording area by utilizing this signal, the information signal is recorded in the information recording area. Tracking control in tracking in the information recording area is stabilized by holding the tracking signal which is detected from the synchronization signal and by compensating for an electrical phase delay caused by the holding.

Abstract: In an optical memory apparatus wherein predetermined information is optically recorded on a recording medium along guide grooves previously formed and then played back; an optical memory apparatus wherein, using a tracking signal and a signal indicating the quantity of reflected light at the time at which a projected light beam passes through the guide grooves, the directions in which the light beam passes through the grooves and the number of the guide grooves to be passed are detected, a seek control is performed by adding and subtracting the numbers of the guide grooves to be passed, depending upon the directions of passage, and fine positioning is thereafter performed by the use of the tracking signal.

Abstract: A method of detecting a light spot control signal is disclosed in which, when information is reproduced from an optical disk for optically recording information, a signal level obtained at a high-reflectivity portion of the optical disk is taken out of a signal reproduced from the optical disk, and is used as a control signal, which controls a light spot so that it tracks information stored in the optical disk.

Abstract: An optical information disc apparatus includes a laser source, a recording medium with an information track, an optical system for emitting a laser beam from the laser source onto the information track, a photodetector detecting the focus error of the optical system using the light reflected from the information track, and an auto-focusing servo system operating the optical system to make the focus of the system follow the upward and downward movement of the recording medium, the optical information disc apparatus being further provided with a control circuit to make the auto-focusing servo system effective only when the optical system is in a position equivalent to the linear region of a defocusing signal having an S-curve characteristic.

Abstract: In a light spot control signal generating device, a light spot is irradiated on a recording medium having tracks on which information is recorded. In order to jump the light spot from a track being scanned thereby to an adjacent track, a signal representative of light quantity of reflection or transmission of the light spot and a track error signal are detected. The two signals are used to judge whether the light spot has passed through an edge of the track. The track error signal is also used to detect a signal representative of an instant at which the light spot is present at the middle point between adjacent tracks, and this signal is used as a timing signal for changing the polarity of a control signal applied to a spot light deflector.

Abstract: A shock absorber comprising a device for detecting the position and velocity of a moving object; a movement mechanism including a movable part, means for detecting the contact between the movable part and the object, and means for detecting the displacement value of the movable part; and a device for controlling the movement mechanism. With information from the position and velocity detecting device, the control device controls the movement mechanism so that the movable part may move on the course of the object and in the same direction as the moving direction thereof at a velocity corresponding to the velocity of the object. Subsequently, with an information from the contact detecting means, it reduces the velocity of the movable part on the basis of a predetermined deceleration pattern when the object has come into contact with the movable part.