Abstract: A method for utilizing a block chain infrastructure to define a trusted circle including at least two nodes of a plurality of nodes, the method includes receiving, by a first node, notification information identifying a trusted user circle including the first node and a second node, wherein the first node and the second node are configured to define a private block chain; and maintaining private block chain data within the trusted user circle according to pre-defined settings, wherein the private block chain data is divided between nodes of the trusted user circle based on the pre-defined settings.

Abstract: A method for utilizing a block chain infrastructure to define a trusted circle including at least two nodes of a plurality of nodes, the method includes receiving, by a first node, notification information identifying a trusted user circle including the first node and a second node, wherein the first node and the second node are configured to define a private block chain; and maintaining private block chain data within the trusted user circle according to pre-defined settings, wherein the private block chain data is divided between nodes of the trusted user circle based on the pre-defined settings.

Abstract: Various communication systems may benefit from mechanisms for transferring control over or communication with terminal devices. For example, certain wireless communication systems may benefit from a handover mechanism with pre-scheduling consecutive grants and pre calculated timing advance. A method can include receiving pre-scheduled uplink grants in a plurality of sub-frames for an incoming user equipment without random access channel The method can also include receiving a timing advance value or performing timing advance calculation for the incoming user equipment without random access channel The method can further include sending a plurality of duplicate messages within the plurality of sub-frames based on the received timing advance value or calculated timing advance.