Abstract: The present technology is generally directed to optimizing a non-3GPP untrusted Wi-Fi to 5G system handover followed by Evolved Packet System (EPS) fallback, more specifically, to delaying removal of the Wi-Fi session resources and creating a voice flow as part of the EPS fallback.

Abstract: Presented herein are efficient techniques in which an application function (AF) session is established between a first policy control function (PCF) in a standalone non-public network (SNPN) domain and a second PCF in a Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN) domain, wherein a user equipment has a first session with the SNPN domain, the AF session is established for a second session of the user equipment with the PLMN domain, and the AF session is bound to the first session. The second PCF obtains an indication of a data flow initiated for the user equipment for the second session within the PLMN domain and determines flow information associated with the data flow. The second PCF transmits to the first PCF the flow information associated with the data flow for creating the data flow in the SNPN domain.

Abstract: The present technology is generally directed to optimizing a non-3GPP untrusted Wi-Fi to 5G system handover followed by Evolved Packet System (EPS) fallback, more specifically, to delaying removal of the Wi-Fi session resources and creating a voice flow as part of the EPS fallback.

Abstract: An optical sensing apparatus is provided comprising: an input interface for receiving input light into the optical sensing apparatus; an input waveguide and a reference waveguide, both arranged to receive input light from the input interface; a closed loop resonator, wherein the input waveguide is optically coupled to the closed loop resonator at an input point for introducing input light to the closed loop resonator; a sample region, adjacent the closed loop resonator, for receiving a sample such that evanescent coupling can occur between light in the closed loop resonator and the sample; a drop-port waveguide, optically coupled to the closed loop resonator at a drop point for receiving dropped light from the closed loop resonator; an output waveguide; and an output interface. The reference waveguide and the drop-port waveguide are arranged to direct interfering light through the output waveguide to produce an output signal at the output interface.

Abstract: A control plane function node may be used in a Fifth Generation (5G) Non-Standalone (NSA) architecture having Radio Access Network (RAN) level interworking between a Long-Term Evolution (LTE) RAN and a 5G New Radio (NR). The node obtains usage report data which are based on traffic of a user equipment (UE) via primary and secondary Radio Access Technologies (RATs). The node also obtains secondary RAT usage report data which are based on traffic of the UE via the secondary RAT. The node constructs a message which indicates a request for charging based on the usage report data and the secondary RAT usage report data. In constructing the message, the node populates, in association with a corresponding rating group and usage data of the UE, an identifier of a flow or bearer associated with secondary RAT usage, together with the secondary RAT usage report data.

Abstract: Presented herein are efficient techniques in which an application function (AF) session is established between a first policy control function (PCF) in a standalone non-public network (SNPN) domain and a second PCF in a Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN) domain, wherein a user equipment has a first session with the SNPN domain, the AF session is established for a second session of the user equipment with the PLMN domain, and the AF session is bound to the first session. The second PCF obtains an indication of a data flow initiated for the user equipment for the second session within the PLMN domain and determines flow information associated with the data flow. The second PCF transmits to the first PCF the flow information associated with the data flow for creating the data flow in the SNPN domain.

Abstract: The present technology is generally directed to optimizing a non-3GPP untrusted Wi-Fi to 5G system handover followed by Evolved Packet System (EPS) fallback, more specifically, to delaying removal of the Wi-Fi session resources and creating a voice flow as part of the EPS fallback.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for utilizing an asynchronous report feature when a time or volume reporting trigger is unavailable. The systems and method can include receiving node level capabilities from at least one of a plurality of user plane functions, receiving an asynchronous report from the at least one of the plurality of user plane functions, determining an absence of a reporting trigger based on charging information associated with a policy control function and trigger information associated with a charging function, selecting a user plane function from the plurality of user plane functions based on the asynchronous report, and generating a usage reporting rule without the reporting trigger to be provided to the user plane function from the plurality of user plane functions.

Abstract: A control plane function node may be used in a Fifth Generation (5G) Non-Standalone (NSA) architecture having Radio Access Network (RAN) level interworking between a Long-Term Evolution (LTE) RAN and a 5G New Radio (NR). The node obtains usage report data which are based on traffic of a user equipment (UE) via primary and secondary Radio Access Technologies (RATs). The node also obtains secondary RAT usage report data which are based on traffic of the UE via the secondary RAT. The node constructs a message which indicates a request for charging based on the usage report data and the secondary RAT usage report data. In constructing the message, the node populates, in association with a corresponding rating group and usage data of the UE, an identifier of a flow or bearer associated with secondary RAT usage, together with the secondary RAT usage report data.

Abstract: A network element configured to support charging for a service in a network accesses policy rules defining a rating group to be used for offline charging. While a protocol data unit (PDU) session for user equipment is being established in the network, the network element sends, to a charging function configured to send charging data records related to service usage to a billing domain, a charging data request that establishes offline charging for the PDU session and indicates the rating group. The network element also receives, from the charging function, a charging data response including one or more triggers and thresholds for the rating group for the offline charging.

Abstract: In one example, a session management function entity is configured to obtain an indication of a backup resource usage quota associated with a rating group of a user session for a user equipment configured to communicate via a mobile core network. The rating group is subject to online charging. The session management function entity determines that a charging function entity configured to provide an indication of a primary resource usage quota associated with the rating group is unreachable. In response to determining that the charging function entity is unreachable, the session management function entity allocates the backup resource usage quota associated with the rating group while the charging function entity is unreachable.

Abstract: Techniques that provide optimal packet data network gateway selection upon initial attachment of a upon an initial user equipment (UE) attachment via a WiFi Evolved Packet Data Gateway (ePDG) are described herein. In at least one embodiment, a method may include determining, by an ePDG, whether a UE is capable to connect to at least one of a 5G standalone mobile core network and a 5G non-standalone mobile core network; determining, by the ePDG, whether the UE is subscribed to connect to at least one of the 5G standalone mobile core network and the 5G non-standalone mobile core network; and selecting, by the ePDG, a packet data network gateway to support the UE connection based, at least in part, on determining that the UE is capable and is subscribed to connect to at least one of the 5G standalone mobile core network and the 5G non-standalone mobile core network.

Abstract: A network element configured to support charging for a service in a network accesses policy rules defining a rating group to be used for offline charging. While a protocol data unit (PDU) session for user equipment is being established in the network, the network element sends, to a charging function configured to send charging data records related to service usage to a billing domain, a charging data request that establishes offline charging for the PDU session and indicates the rating group. The network element also receives, from the charging function, a charging data response including one or more triggers and thresholds for the rating group for the offline charging.

Abstract: In one example, a session management function entity is configured to obtain an indication of a backup resource usage quota associated with a rating group of a user session for a user equipment configured to communicate via a mobile core network. The rating group is subject to online charging. The session management function entity determines that a charging function entity configured to provide an indication of a primary resource usage quota associated with the rating group is unreachable. In response to determining that the charging function entity is unreachable, the session management function entity allocates the backup resource usage quota associated with the rating group while the charging function entity is unreachable.

Abstract: At least one offline usage reporting rule is instantiated at a user plane element of the telecommunications network, wherein the usage reporting rule indicates at least one trigger condition. The user plane element detects an occurrence of the at least one trigger condition in traffic processed by the user plane element and, in response, generates and temporarily stores a first usage report. Subsequently, the user plane element detects an occurrence of an immediate reporting condition and, in response to detecting of the occurrence of the immediate reporting condition, sends the first usage report to a control plane element.

Abstract: At least one offline usage reporting rule is instantiated at a user plane element of the telecommunications network, wherein the usage reporting rule indicates at least one trigger condition. The user plane element detects an occurrence of the at least one trigger condition in traffic processed by the user plane element and, in response, generates and temporarily stores a first usage report. Subsequently, the user plane element detects an occurrence of an immediate reporting condition and, in response to detecting of the occurrence of the immediate reporting condition, sends the first usage report to a control plane element.

Abstract: Techniques that provide optimal packet data network gateway selection upon initial attachment of a upon an initial user equipment (UE) attachment via a WiFi Evolved Packet Data Gateway (ePDG) are described herein. In at least one embodiment, a method may include determining, by an ePDG, whether a UE is capable to connect to at least one of a 5G standalone mobile core network and a 5G non-standalone mobile core network; determining, by the ePDG, whether the UE is subscribed to connect to at least one of the 5G standalone mobile core network and the 5G non-standalone mobile core network; and selecting, by the ePDG, a packet data network gateway to support the UE connection based, at least in part, on determining that the UE is capable and is subscribed to connect to at least one of the 5G standalone mobile core network and the 5G non-standalone mobile core network.

Abstract: A computing device receives one or more messages in a secure communication session with a peer device. Security information for the secure communication session includes a first network address associated with the peer device. The computing device detects that a new message in the secure communication session includes a second network address different from the first network address. The computing device validates the new message as part of the secure communication session and sends an informational request to the peer device. The informational request is sent to the peer device at a destination address of the second network address. The computing device receives an update message from the peer device.

Abstract: A computing device receives one or more messages in a secure communication session with a peer device. Security information for the secure communication session includes a first network address associated with the peer device. The computing device detects that a new message in the secure communication session includes a second network address different from the first network address. The computing device validates the new message as part of the secure communication session and sends an informational request to the peer device. The informational request is sent to the peer device at a destination address of the second network address. The computing device receives an update message from the peer device.