Abstract: Cap holder means which holds the inner peripheral surface of a cap has an outer diameter which may be shrunk to a value less than and expanded to another value greater than the diameter of the inner peripheral surface of the cap. When the cap holder means assumes a shrunk condition in which the outer diameter thereof is less than the diameter of the inner peripheral surface of the cap, the cap holder means is capable of smoothly receiving a cap from a cap feeder. Upon receiving a cap, the cap holder means may be changed to an expanded condition presenting an outer diameter greater than the diameter of the inner peripheral surface of the cap, thereby allowing caps of any varying internal diameter to be centered with respect to the cap holder means. This allows a smooth delivery of the cap from the cap holder means to a capping head.

Abstract: A slaking property of a lime bearing agent for use in the refining, particularly in the injection refining, of a ferrous melt is essentially eliminated by providing the agent with a special form, i.e. an uncrushed, granular form solidified from molten drops. Hydrogen pick up of the ferrous melt from the refining agent is avoided and an excellent refining effect of the ferrous melt is achieved by the refining agent of the present invention.

Abstract: A method for preventing possible vapor explosion in the liquid comminuting process in metal refining comprising comparing pulse pressure generated in the course of liquid comminuting with a fixed reference pressure and adjusting the amount of molten metal thrown into water and the amount of water fed in accordance with the value of comparison.