Abstract: Compositions and methods for making and using a water soluble melanin, eumelanin, pheomelanin, allomelanin and DHN-melanin pigment produced from a fungus. The water soluble melanin can be used in a radioprotective composition having at least 0.1 to at least 8.0% (wt./vol.) melanin(s), a solvent and optionally a binder(s) and/or an additive(s). The aqueous soluble melanin has uses in medical, aeronautical, industrial, cosmetic and other applications that are disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of silver nano particles comprising dissolving a surfactant in ethanol to obtain a first solution; dissolving a silver precursor in water to obtain a second solution; adding the second solution to the first solution to obtain a third solution; dissolving a reducing agent in water to obtain a reducing agent solution and adding the reducing agent solution to the third solution to obtain silver nano particles.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of silver nano particles comprising dissolving a surfactant in ethanol to obtain a first solution; dissolving a silver precursor in water to obtain a second solution; adding the second solution to the first solution to obtain a third solution; dissolving a reducing agent in water to obtain a reducing agent solution and adding the reducing agent solution to the third solution to obtain silver nano particles

Abstract: The present invention provides a new process using biological method for the preparation of immobilized nano-particles of metals. Fungi are used to efficiently prepare immobilized nano-particles of various metals ions such as Au, Ag, Pd, Pt, Ni, Rh and Ru from their aqueous solutions.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of preparing sodium bicarbonate from trona containing sodium fluoride as an impurity comprising preparing a saturated solution of trona and filtering the trona solution to remove insoluble impurities; introducing carbon dioxide to the trona solution till the pH of the solution reaches the range of 7.5 to 8.75 and sodium carbonate in the trona solution is converted to sodium bicarbonate that precipitates; and recovering the precipitated sodium bicarbonate from the trona solution.

Abstract: The present invention provides a new process using biological method for the preparation of immobilized nano-particles of metals. Fungi are used to efficiently prepare immobilized nano-particles of various metals ions such as Au, Ag, Pd, Pt, Ni, Rh and Ru from their aqueous solutions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for the hydrophobisation of DNA molecules comprising mixing an aqueous solution of the DNA molecule with a solution of a cationic lipid or a surfactant in an organic solvent under agitation for a period in the range of 30 to 60 minutes to obtain the hydrophobic DNA in organic phase.

Abstract: The invention discloses a method for synthesizing hollow structured freestanding membrane having pore size of 2 to 200 nm which provides long-term stability that makes it viable for many practical applications such as protein separation and drug delivery.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel process for the immobilization of the enzyme on biocompatible gold nanoparticle encapsulated free-standing membranes. The binding of the enzyme occurs through the amine groups and cysteine residues to the gold nanoparticles. The free-standing gold nanoparticle membrane was synthesized at the interface between chloroform containing bis(2-(4-aminophenoxy)ethyl)ether (DAEE) and aqueous chloroauric acid solution. The membrane is formed spontaneously by the reduction of AuCl4? ions by DAEE, this process leading to the formation of gold nanoparticles. The concomitant process of oxidation of DAEE leads to the creation of a polymeric matrix in which the gold nanoparticles are embedded. The gold nanoparticle membrane is extremely stable, robust, easily handled, malleable and can be grown over large areas and thickness by suitably varying the experimental conditions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for the hydrophobisation of DNA molecules comprising mixing an aqueous solution of the DNA molecule with a solution of a cationic lipid or a surfactant in an organic solvent under agitation for a period in the range of 30 to 60 minutes to obtain the hydrophobic DNA in organic phase.

Abstract: The present invention provides a new process using biological method for the preparation of immobilized nano-particles of metals. Fungi are used to efficiently prepare immobilized nano-particles of various metals ions such as Au, Ag, Pd, Pt, Ni, Rh and Ru from their aqueous solutions.

Abstract: The present invention discloses methods for making micron/nano sized (2 nm to 5 ?m) particles of various inorganic materials such as mineral/oxides/sulphides/metals/ceramics using aqueous foam, Aqueous foams of various anionic, cationic, non-ionic surfactant, casein proteins and their mixtures has been used for the preparation of suitable inorganic materials growth. Large scale synthesis of advanced inorganic materials such as various ceramics, minerals, oxides, sulphides and metal micron/nanoparticles of controlled shape and size can be obtained by mixing appropriate metal ions with the suitable cationic/anionic/non-ionic/casein protein/their mixtures, which is bubbled by air to form aqueous foams and thereafter their reduction/reaction to form the final product.

Abstract: The present invention provides a biological process for the synthesis of oxide nanoparticles by simple exposure of suitable aqueous metal ions to a hydrolyzing fungus. The method specifically comprises reacting of a suitable electrolyte solution with a hydrolyzing wet fungus.

Abstract: This invention relates to a biological process for the preparation of shape and polymorph controlled mineral crystals by simple growth of roots from various seeds to a suitable aqueous metal ion.

Abstract: The invention discloses a method for synthesizing hollow structured freestanding membrane having pore size of 2 to 200 nm which provides long-term stability that makes it viable for many practical applications such as protein separation and drug delivery.

Abstract: A process for extraction of nanoparticles into aqueous phase by complexation with water soluble surfactants such as cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) etc., wherein a bi-phasic mixture is prepared in which, hydrophobized nanoparticles are in organic medium, and surfactant molecules are in aqueous phase. An emulsion is formed on vigorous shaking of the bi-phasic mixture, and after phase separation metal nanoparticles transfer to aqueous medium.

Abstract: The present invention provides a new process using biological method for the preparation of immobilized nano-particles of metals. Fungi are used to efficiently prepare immobilized nano-particles of various metals ions such as Au, Ag, Pd, Pt, Ni, Rh and Ru from their aqueous solutions.

Abstract: A hybrid organic-inorganic composite film useful for glucose sensing in aqueous solutions is disclosed along with methods for manufacture thereof and a method of glucose sensing using such novel film.

Abstract: The process of the invention reports a new biological method, instead of chemical or physical methods, for preparing colloidal nano-sized metal sulphides using fungi.

Abstract: The process of the invention reports a new biological method, instead of chemical or physical methods, for preparing colloidal nano-sized metal sulphides using fungi.